| The rapid increase of world population along with the increase of grain demand has aroused consumers' interest in the development of diversified cereals.Triticale has attracted attention because of its strong disease resistance,wide adaptability and good nutritional quality.However,there is little development of Triticale as grain resources in China,including Jiangsu Province,and there is a lack of research on food processing quality.In this study we tried to plant 60 Triticale in Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province,observe their growth adaptability,analyze their agronomic characters and powdery mildew resistance,detect nutritional quality and processing quality indexes,and then study quality-related genes and disease resistance genes.The main contents and results are as follows:(1)Field experiments and observations were carried out on 60 Triticale accessions collected.The agronomic characters of 12 Triticale accessions are generally high in plant height(108~189 cm),panicle length(9.8~17.2 cm),effective spikes(6~21 spikes),Spikelets per panicle(22~38 spikes)and grains per spike(35~108 grains),and large 1000-grain weight(27.96~49.08 g).It was indicated that these Triticale accessions have good potential for high yield in Zhenjiang area.(2)The nutritional and processing quality of 12 Triticale accessions were tested.The contents of starch,protein and water in tested Triticale grain were similar to those of the control group of wheat varieties,and the composition of 17 kinds of amino acids were the same.The average content of 7 essential amino acids of Triticale was higher than that of the control wheat,and the average scores of 6 essential amino acids were all higher than 100.The average score of lysine of the first limiting amino acid(59)was much higher than that of the control wheat(48),indicating that the protein nutritional value of Triticale was better.It can supplement the content of lysine to some extent.The grain physical characteristics of tested Triticale were slender grain,low test weight,hard texture and high ash content,so it was not suitable for refined flour products.The protein content of Triticale was similar to that of the control wheat.The values of wet gluten content,gluten index and sedimentation were significantly lower than those of the control wheat,and the protein quality was slightly lower.The tested Triticale showed lower peak viscosity(213~1394 cP),breakdown(178~832 cP),setback(12~760 cP)and falling number(64~258 s),which might be not for noodle production.(3)The molecular characteristics of Secaloindoline gene in 12 samples of hard Triticale were analyzed.It was found that there were 10 different hardness gene combinations,8 new Sina alleles and 6 new Sinb alleles,and there were multiple base substitutions and amino acid changes.The variation of Secaloindoline gene may be the reason for the hardening of Triticale seed texture.(4)High molecular weight glutenin subunits of 60 Triticale samples were identified by SDS-PAGE and PCR molecular markers.It was found that there were 12 subunit types and 13 subunit combinations at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci,9 materials had high quality glutenin subunit combinations,which could be used to improve the quality of Triticale and wheat gluten.(5)Based on the investigation of resistance to powdery mildew,20 Pm21 homologous sequences(Pm21-Sc)were cloned from 48 Triticale resistant to powdery mildew by RT-PCR technique.Evolutionary analysis of Pm21-Sc was carried out,compared with Pm21 alleles(Pm21-Dv).The nucleotide diversity of LRR domain of Pm21-like gene was significantly higher than that of CC and NB-ARC domain,and the LRR residues exposed to solvent underwent diversity selection.It laid a foundation for further functional analysis of rye Pm21-Sc genes.Based on the results of agronomic characters,grain nutritional and processing quality,five Triticale accessions were selected as candidate lines for breeding.These lines have potential application value for different uses of food processing.The characteristics of nutritional and processing quality of Triticale were revealed,and the hardness gene,high molecular weight glutenin gene and powdery mildew resistance gene of triticale were also studied in this study,which will provide a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality Triticale with high nutritional value,good processing quality and strong disease resistance in Jiangsu Province. |
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