Study On The Perceptual Interactions Among Odorants In Mangoes

Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the three major tropical fruits in the world.Its attractive flavor and rich nutrition are popular among consumers around the world.However,mangoes are easy to rot and deteriorate.Therefore,in addition to fresh food,they are usually made into various foods,such as mango sticks and mango jam and so on.Although many researchers have conducted extensive research on mango aromas,the perceptual interaction between odorants in mangoes is still unknown.Therefore,in this paper,the aroma composition,sensory attributes and perceptual interactions among odorants of mango were studied.This research can provide some theoretical guidance for the preparation of mango flavor and the quality control of processed products.The volatile compounds in mangoes obtained from three cultivars were investigated by gas chromatography-olfactometry(GC-O),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),GC-flame photometric detection analyses(GC-FPD),and odor activity value(OAV).The results demonstrated that a total of 65 compounds were identified in three kinds of mango,including esters(18),terpenes(14),alcohols(12),aldehydes(8),sulfur compounds(7),lactones(3),and ketones(3).Moreover,42,35,and 45 compounds were identified in the Tainong 1,Keitt,and Zill samples,respectively.Among the 65 aroma compounds,29 were identified as important odorants with OAVs greater than 1.Furthermore,7 sulfur compounds were identified in the three samples by FPD.Importantly,methanethiol,ethanethiol,1-propanethiol,and 3-mercapto-1-hexanol were detected for the first time in mango.Sensory attributes of three kinds of mango were studied by quantitative descriptive sensory analysis.The results showed that mango aroma profile can be described by six descriptors,including sweet,rosin,fruity,floral,tropical,and grassy.Moreover,sweet aroma of Tainong 1 was the strongest,the rosin aroma of Keitt was the strongest,and the fruity aroma of Zill was the strongest.Furthermore,the heatmap analysis well reflected the differences of aroma compounds among samples.Five sulfur compounds in mango sample were selected to study their interactions.The olfactory thresholds of five sulfur compounds and their binary mixtures are measured by a three-alternative forced-choice procedure.Moreover,the perceptual interactions between sulfur compound were study by S-curve,OAV,and Vector Model.The results showed that six mixtures exhibited a masking effect,three mixtures presented an additive effect,and one mixture showed a synergistic effect.Further,five terpenes in mango sample were selected to study their interactions by S-curve,OAV,and Vector Model.Among these mixtures,six mixtures exhibited a masking effect,two mixtures presented an additive effect,and two mixture showed a synergistic effect.