Multi-scale Spatial Pattern Of Carbon Emissions From China’s Energy Consumption And Its Influencing Factors Based On Night Lights

Many issues brought by global warming have been closely watched by the international community.China is the country with the largest carbon dioxide emissions in the world.As a responsible big country,China is under tremendous pressure to reduce emissions,and it is also facing the domestic economy and Environmental sustainability issues.Therefore,reducing carbon dioxide emissions,developing a low-carbon economy,and advancing the construction of an ecological civilization are China’s current important development goals.The current research on carbon emissions in China is mainly based on energy statistics,but there are inconsistencies in statistics at different administrative scales,and only national and provincial administrative units have complete energy consumption data.The lack of energy consumption data in municipal areas leads to a lack of a comprehensive understanding of China The specific situation of carbon emissions at the municipal level.Therefore,there is an urgent need to use new means to realize the normative assessment of carbon emissions in China’s municipal areas,and to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of carbon emissions at different scales.At the same time,China’s city-level regions have different development speeds,cities are at different stages of development,and there are huge differences in their economic structure and population structure.Each city-level region has brought carbon emissions due to the heterogeneity of various aspects of economic society Difference.Therefore,the main influencing factors of carbon emissions in different city-level regions and their degree of influence are also different.An in-depth analysis of the impact relationship between the carbon emission levels and influencing factors of city-level regions at different development stages is important for achieving the national carbon emission reduction goals.It has important theoretical and practical value.This paper also focuses on the influencing factors of carbon emissions in the three major urban agglomerations in China.By analyzing the impact relationship between the carbon emission levels and the influencing factors of the three major urban agglomerations,it can provide a reference for other small and medium-sized urban agglomerations to achieve carbon reduction targets through low-carbon development.Based on the energy consumption data and socio-economic data of 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China from 2004 to 2013,this paper uses the EVI vegetation index and stable night light data(DMSP/OLS)to solve the problem of oversaturation of night lights and generates Improved night light index(EANTLI),build a carbon emission fitting model by province,estimate the carbon dioxide emissions of 284 city-level regions(prefecture-level cities,sub-provincial cities,municipalities)in 30 provinces of China,study 2004 The spatial distribution characteristics of total carbon emissions,per capita carbon emissions,and carbon intensity in China at the provincial and municipal levels from 2013 to 2013,and the influence factors of per capita carbon dioxide emissions were analyzed using a geographic weighted regression model(GWR).The contents are as follows:(1)China’s total carbon emissions and per capita carbon emissions are generally on the rise,while carbon emissions intensity is generally on the decline.From 2004 to2013,the growth rate of China’s total carbon dioxide emissions fluctuated,showing an"N"state of decline before rising and then decreasing.The rising trend of per capita carbon emissions is relatively flat.However,the intensity of carbon emissions fluctuates greatly,showing a state of first decline,then rise,and then flattening.(2)The total carbon emissions and carbon emissions per capita of all provinces in China are on the rise,while the intensity of carbon emissions is generally on the decline.As far as the four major economic regions of China are concerned,the total carbon emissions are generally on the rise,basically showing the pattern of“east region>west region>central region>northeast region”,and the per capita carbon emissions are generally declining,basically showing“central region Region>western region>northeast region>eastern region”,the carbon emission intensity generally shows a downward trend,the central,western,and northeastern regions have a larger decline,the eastern region has a relatively low carbon emission intensity,and the downward trend is relatively gentle.(3)The spatial-temporal pattern of municipal-level carbon emissions has changed significantly.China’s total carbon emissions at the municipal level have shown an upward trend in the past ten years.The average annual total carbon emissions in 2004,2007,2010 and 2013 were 5.76 million tons,8.09 million tons,9.62 million tons,and10.77 million tons.Per capita carbon emissions are also on the rise,and the average annual per capita carbon emissions over the four years are 2.12t/person,2.87t/person,3.32t/person,and 3.70t/person.The overall carbon emission intensity has shown a downward trend,and its four-year average annual carbon emission intensity is1.55t/10~4yuan,1.25t/10~4yuan,0.92t/10~4yuan,and 0.72t/10~4yuan.(4)There are obvious regional differences in the factors affecting carbon emissions,and the characteristics of spatiotemporal changes are significant.The GWR model was used to explore the influencing factors of per capita carbon dioxide emissions in China’s municipal-level regions,and the spatial distribution of the coefficients of influencing factors(per capita GDP,total investment in fixed assets in the whole society,and carbon emission intensity)of per-capita carbon emissions in China’s municipal regions from2004 to 2013 was generated.Illustration.In general,the degree of influence of the three influencing factors on per capita carbon emissions is expressed as"carbon emission intensity>per capita GDP>fixed asset investment".In the past ten years,the impact of per capita GDP and carbon emission intensity on per capita carbon emissions were positive effects,while the impact of fixed asset investment on per capita carbon emissions was generally negative.In terms of carbon emission intensity,per capita carbon emissions in the northern region are greatly affected by it,and per capita carbon emissions in the southern region are less affected by it.From 2004 to 2012,the regions with a large impact on per capita carbon emissions per capita were mainly concentrated in the southeast coastal areas and surrounding areas,but in 2013,the areas with a greater degree of influence were transferred to the eastern coastal areas and parts of the northeast.The regions where fixed asset investment has a greater impact on per capita carbon emissions are also concentrated in the southeast coastal areas.In terms of the three major urban agglomerations,the per capita carbon emissions of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration have been relatively affected by the intensity of carbon emissions in the past ten years,and the per capita carbon emissions of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations have been relatively affected by the per capita GDP.Unlike the other two influencing factors,the per capita carbon emissions of the three major urban agglomerations are negatively affected by the impact of fixed asset investment,and their degree of influence is in the pattern of"Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration>Yangtze Delta Urban Agglomeration>Pearl Delta Urban Agglomeration".