Research On Mining Area Environmental Governance Policy Of The US Federal Government

This article aims to sort out the evolution of the US federal government's mining area environmental governance policies and clarify the reasons for the evolution of the US federal government's environmental governance policies.In the history of the US government's mining area environmental governance policy,the federal government's governance of the mining area environment has gone through four important stages: the first stage is from the mid-19 th century to the era of progressiveism,and the second stage is from the era of progressiveism to the period of the New Deal.The third stage is from the New Deal period to the 1970 s,and the fourth stage is after the 1980 s.Although the government's emphasis on environmental issues has decreased in some periods,the federal government's environmental governance power has been gradually expanding.Especially in the 1960 s and 70 s of the 20 th century,Congress passed a series of legislations for different environmental issues.The emergence of modern environmental governance laid the foundation.In the 19 th century,the rich mineral resources in the United States created huge wealth for a small number of people,but people collectively ignored the damage and impact of the mining industry on the environment,and the laws on mining areas in various states also lacked obvious attention to environmental issues.With the increasingly prominent environmental problems,by the end of the 19 th century,the elite in the United States began to pay attention to resource protection and wilderness protection.With the introduction of relevant policies and the promulgation of laws,the US government began to intervene in the environmental governance of mining areas,and the federal government began to intervene.For the protection of natural resources,president Theodore Roosevelt implemented a series of natural resource protection policies.During the New Deal period,president Franklin D.Roosevelt's cabinet team was keen on nature conservation.Environmental protection has always occupied an important position on the national agenda.The New Deal has a close relationship with the mining industry.The federal government's supervision has set an example for state and local governments.During World War II,the federal government shut down non-essential mineral development in the name of war,resulting in a new order in whichpersonal interests were subordinated to national interests,and the government played an increasingly important role in the mining industry.In the 1960 s and 1970 s,the expansion of the federal government's environmental governance power was mainly achieved through congressional legislation.The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act was the culmination of U.S.environmental protection legislation.This law allowed Washington to intervene in large and small Mining operations.Since then,other legislation in Congress has further regulated and influenced mining operations.President Nixon's environmental protection policy has brought about the “decade of environmental protection” in American history.After the 1980 s,under the influence of neoconservative reforms,the government more emphasis is placed on reducing state intervention and encouraging the development of the mining industry,but during this period,environmental movement groups have continued to grow and citizens environmental awareness has also continued to increase.In general,the governance of the environment of the mining area in the United States belongs to an important part of the process of environmental governance in the United States.The environmental governance policies of the mining area are always closely related to the development of American politics,economy,and society.It can be said that these policies are both government.The result of extensive interventions under the government is also the result of the active participation of the people from the bottom up,which includes not only specific legislation for various environmental issues,but also all the federal government's policies to use power to develop,transform,and control the natural environment.In the process of environmental governance in mining areas,extensive public participation is the foundation,and the government is in a dominant position,and the cooperation between the government and private forces such as environmental protection organizations can better promote the government's public governance function.Therefore,the process of environmental governance in the mining area of the US government is also a process of continuous expansion of the scope of federal government intervention in environmental affairs and continuous innovation of management methods.Although some areas can never be restored to their pre-destructive state,after the federal government intervened in the environmental management of the American mining area,the American mining area environment has been restored to a certain extent.