| Farmers are the main economic activities in rural areas.Their livelihood activities determine the land use mode,utilization efficiency,and the value of ecosystem services,which has a profound impact on the rural ecological environment.Hongsipu District of Ningxia is the largest single ecological migration area in China.Since the first batch of immigrants moved in 1998,750000 mu of irrigated land has been developed and more than 230000 farmers in 8 poor counties(districts)in Southern Ningxia have been relocated.In the past 20 years,land use and the livelihood behavior pattern of farmers in this region have changed dramatically.Based on the research of seven sample villages,this paper uses the methods of model analysis,remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis,combined with on-the-spot questionnaire survey and data collection,to analyze the land use,the changes of farmers’ livelihood and ecosystem service value in Hongsipu District,Ningxia,and the temporal and spatial correlation among them,so as to reveal the ecological environment response mechanism of farmers’ livelihood transformation It is expected to provide theoretical basis for the rural revitalization,regional high-quality development and ecological civilization construction of the ecological migration area in the arid area.The main conclusions are:(1)The land use of Hongsipu district has obvious dynamic change,and the difference of land use degree is prominent.In 2000,it was dominated by natural grassland and dry land.In 2018,the number of dry land decreased sharply,and the number of irrigated land and shrubbery increased significantly.The land use change of traditional industrial villages and special supporting villages is relatively simple,while that of characteristic industrial villages and labor exporting villages is complex.To the extent of land use,the change of Tianshuihe village is relatively stable,and the change of dry land and irrigated land in Kaiyuan village is active;the land use of Guangcai village is relatively stable,showing an expansion trend,the change of irrigated land in Zhongjuantang village is relatively large,and the change of dry land,irrigated land and construction land in Xingmin village is relatively fast;the expansion trend of land use in Hongde village is obvious;the change of irrigated land in Juhuatai village is the most significant.(2)There is a certain difference in the livelihood of farmers in Hongsipu District,and the livelihood of farmers has changed significantly in the study period.From the perspective of livelihood capital,the overall livelihood of farmers in the study area is in the middle and lower level,and from high to low,the order is characteristic industry village>traditional industry village>labor export village>special support village,in which the maximum value of social capital is 0.1292,and the minimum value of natural capital is 0.0193.From 2000 to 2018,the total value of livelihood capital of farmers in Hongsipu district increased from 0.3004 to 0.372.The choice of Livelihood Strategy of farmers changed from simplification to diversification,and the combination of livelihood strategy was more complex.(3)The ecosystem service value of Hongsipu district changed significantly.From 2000 to 2018,the ecosystem service value of Hongsipu district increased from 83392.18104 yuan to 198301.13104 yuan.The contribution of different land use types to ecosystem service value is different.Among them,irrigated land,garden land,arbor forest land and shrub forest land have higher contribution to ecosystem service value.In general,the rapid expansion of irrigated land and garden area is the main reason for the improvement of ecosystem service value in this region.(4)There are obvious differences in land use structure and efficiency under different livelihood,and the contribution rate of land transfer types to ecosystem service value is different.Traditional industrial villages are dominated by corn and wheat,with slightly lower land use efficiency;special industrial villages are dominated by economic crops,with higher land use efficiency;labor export villages and special support villages are dominated by land circulation,with lower land use efficiency.The contribution rate of unused land to arbor forest land and dry land to irrigated land in traditional industrial villages to the increment of ecosystem service value is relatively large,that of irrigated land to garden land and natural herbage to shrub forest land in characteristic industrial villages is relatively large,that of dry land to garden land in labor export villages is the largest,and that of dry land to irrigated land in special feeding villages is the largest.(5)Livelihood capital land use ecosystem service value linkage effect is significant.Traditional industrial villages are mainly planted with traditional grain crops.In addition to natural capital,other livelihood capital is relatively low,the degree of land development and utilization is low,and the increment of ecosystem service value is not large;characteristic industrial villages are mainly planted with economic crops,with absolute advantages of human capital and material capital,high degree of land development and utilization,and large increment of ecosystem service value;labor services The output village is dominated by migrant workers,with low natural capital and relatively high financial capital,which is conducive to the choice of non-agricultural livelihood strategies.The role of land development and utilization is less,and the value of ecosystem services is relatively low.The special support village is dominated by government support and social relief,with low human capital and material capital,low land use degree and low value of ecosystem services.(6)In the future development of Hongsipu District,it is suggested to speed up the diversification of farmers’ livelihood,promote the transformation of planting structure,introduce advanced agricultural technology,form a large-scale,specialized and intensive production mode,further optimize the ecological space,so as to promote the coordinated promotion of farmers’livelihood,land use and ecosystem services,so as to effectively promote the revitalization of rural areas and the construction of ecological civilization. |
PDF Full Text Request