| Surfactants are known as "industrial monosodium glutamate".In textile processing,surfactants are widely used as the main components of leveling agents,dispersants,soaping agents,etc.According to statistics,the annual global usage has been More than 10 million tons.The extensive use of surfactants has caused the deterioration of the ecological environment and even caused serious harm to human health.In recent years,the state has vigorously advocated environmental protection,and green,low-toxic and good biodegradable products have become more and more popular.In view of the above situation,this subject developed a nonionic Gemini surfactant containing glucosamide segments in the molecule.The surfactant is based on natural and renewable sugars,has good biodegradability and excellent environmental compatibility,has a good solubilizing effect and outstanding wetting properties.It is used as a component of the levelling agent in the dyeing of disperse dye polyester.Due to the polyether bond,amide group and hydroxyl group contained in the surfactant molecule,it can be first formed with the-OH,-NH2 and other groups in the disperse dye molecule Hydrogen bonding produces a certain affinity for the dye,and then when the dye contacts the fiber,a greater binding force is generated between the dye and the fiber,thereby achieving the slow dyeing of the fiber and improving the level dyeing.In addition,nonionic Gemini surfactant macromolecules also It can be adsorbed on the surface of the fiber in a large amount to form a protective layer,reducing the chance of contact between the reactive dye and its hydrolysate and the fiber,and achieving the effect of anti-staining.The specific research contents are as follows:(1)Using gluconolactone and diethylenetriamine as raw materials to synthesize glucose amide,then introducing epoxy polyether and acid chloride to synthesize the nonionic Gemini surfactant GDAPC.The optimized process conditions are:the ratio of the amount of lauroyl chloride to alkyl epoxy polyether is 2:3,the reaction temperature is 90?,and the total reaction time is 9 h.Under optimized process conditions,the dispersion value of the synthetic product GDAPC to disperse dyes can reach 96%.It has good dispersing performance and can reduce the particle size of the dispersed red in aqueous solution.When no surfactant is added,the average particle size of the dye At 527 nm,when the GDACP concentration is 2 g/L,the average particle size drops to 218 nm,and when the GDAPC concentration is 4 g/L,the average particle size is only 196 nm.The surface tension test found that the surface tension of GDAPC is 32 mN/m,and the critical micelle concentration is only 1×10-3 g/L,which has the characteristics of low surface tension and low critical micelle concentration.An acid resistance experiment was conducted to find that the acid resistance meets the first-class standard and can be used as a leveling agent for dyeing under acidic conditions.In addition,GDAPC also has good wetting properties.By increasing the concentration of GDAPC,the contact angle of the hydrophilic surface is determined by From 12.8°to 38.6°,it becomes weakly hydrophilic,and the contact angle of the lipophilic surface decreases from 96.2°to 68.2°,changing to hydrophilic.The final solubilization test results show that the maximum solubilization volume of GDAPC for n-hexane is 1 mL,and the maximum solubilization volume is 0.027 L/mmoL.(2)Gemini surfactant GDAPC was used for dyeing of disperse red 900 polyester.The results showed that after GDAPC was added,the dye uptake rate could be maintained at about 82%compared with when no surfactant was added.The unevenness dropped to 0.032.By separately mixing GDAPC with sodium lignin sulfonate(CMN),sodium methylenebisnaphthalene sulfonate(NNO)and sulfonated concentrated milk 600#(XPO-5),to find the optimal compounding conditions,and further Improve the dyeing rate and solve the problem of low cloud point that is common to polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants.It was found that when compounding with XPO-5,the uptake rate reached 87%close to the blank sample,the corresponding K/S value was 4.948,the unevenness rate was 0.028,and the compounding effect was the best.The effects of different compounding ratios of GDAPC/PO-5 on the dyeing effect are also discussed.The results show that when the compounding mass ratio is 1:1,the K/S is higher at 4.978,and the unevenness is reduced to 0.027,which is the optimal compounding ratio.Matching.In addition,the influence of the amount of GDAPC/XPO-5 on the dyeing effect of disperse dyes(disperse red 900,disperse blue 825,and disperse orange BROB)was also studied.The results showed that the optimal amounts of GDAPC/XPO-5 corresponding to the three dyes were:0.1 g/L,0.1 g/L and 0.08 g/L;uptake rates at this time are:87%,86%and 87%;K/S values are:4.981,8.742 and 5.378;unevenness rate They are:0.027,0.019 and 0.023,which can achieve the effect of high dyeing rate,high K/S and low unevenness.At the same time,the friction fastness test of three dyed polyester fabrics found that after using surfactants,The dry and wet rubbing fastness of dyed polyester has basically no effect(3)GDAPC is used for anti-staining soaping of cotton fabric reactive dyes.First,the soaping performance of GDAPC under the conditions of deionized water and hard water(hardness 380 mg/L,calculated as CaCO3)is discussed.All the dyes used are Reactive Red 3BF(2%owf).It was found that when using deionized water,when the concentration of GDAPC is 1 g/L,the minimum color difference of staining is 20.5,and the maximum value of absorbance A is 0.150.It has the best anti-staining and de-floating effect.When using hard water,GDAPC is at At the same concentration,the minimum color difference is 25,and the absorbance A value is 0.141.It can be seen that hard water will reduce the soaping effect of GDAPC.Considering the practical application,textile factories mostly soap in tap water(hard water),so the soaping effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30(PVP-K30)and sodium polyacrylate(PAAS)used alone under hard water conditions was investigated.The results show that the minimum color difference of PAAS is 22.8,and the maximum absorbance A value can reach 0.144,which is significantly better than PVP-K30.It is derived from its chelating and dispersing properties for hard water.GDAPC and water-soluble polymer PAAS are compounded to Play a better synergy.When the compounding ratio is GDAPC:PAAS=5:2,the minimum color difference is 19.5,and the absorbance A value is 0.162,which is better than the soaping effect when GDAPC is used alone Reactive Red KE-7B with poor washability and relatively low color fastness was selected to explore the best soaping conditions.The results of orthogonal experiments showed that the best process conditions are:the amount of soaping agent 4 g/L,the soaping time is 20 min,Soaping temperature 90?,pH value 9.Under the best process conditions,GDAPC is used for soaping.Compared with XC-W(BASF soaping agent),the anti-staining and de-floating performance XC-W is better than GDAPC,but the difference between the two is small.And the color fastness to soaping and rubbing is basically close.However,when GDAPC is compounded,the absorbance A value can reach 0.131,and the color difference of the stain color can be as low as 6.3,which can comprehensively improve the anti-stain color and the de-floating ability of the product.The color fastness to rubbing has no significant change compared to XC-W.The soaping effect is close to XC-W. |
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