| Environmental pollution is a highly concerned problem in the world at present.In the 21st century,the arrival of the era of science and technology makes the two major themes of climate change and global warming appear more and more frequently in the international and economic society,and gradually become the focus of human attention.At the same time,the direct cause of global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases closely related to human natural economic activities,such as carbon dioxide,which may further lead to the continuous change of global climate and the worsening of environmental ecological conditions,such as glacier melting,sharp rise in temperature and frequent occurrence of natural disasters.For this reason,organizations of all countries in the world are actively taking actions to fully cope with the future global vicious climate change.The Kyoto Protocol,Bali Road Map,Climate Change Conference,etc.have fully and truly demonstrated the firm courage and determination of all countries in the world to work together to deal with the future global vicious climate change.Therefore,in-depth study and analysis of the main factors that affect carbon dioxide emissions,so as to formulate corresponding solutions according to their influencing factors at the fastest speed,control and reduce the areas that may be affected or polluted by greenhouse gases,and adhere to the objective and effective principle,it is bound to make a radical change in global warming.BRICS economies are composed of five developing countries with similar overall economic and social development patterns,growth characteristics and development trends.The member countries include China,Russia,Brazil,India and South Africa.The five countries are characterized by rapid development,high capital investment and high energy consumption.Today,the BRICS countries are playing an increasingly important role in the world economy and have become powerfull drivers for the healthy growth of the global economy.However,it has to be mentioned that in the process of accelerating the development of the BRICS countries,there are also many practical problems,such as reducing the use of fossil fuel energy,improving the utilization efficiency,and developing new energy technologies to reduce and curb carbon emissions.These are all important issues worth discussing.An in-depth study of the major factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions in the BRICS economies is conducive to the sustainable development of the BRICS countries and conforms to the goals of the international community.With the integration of the world economy and the acceleration of urbanization process,urbanization factors have become an indispensable part of carbon emissions research,and there is no consistent conclusion on the impact of urbanization on carbon emissions.This paper takes BRICS countries as the research object,selects the data from 1994 to 2017 for empirical analysis,builds a carbon emission regression model based on the environmental pressure control model,and uses panel quantile regression method to study the factors that affect the carbon emission of BRICS countries.In the aspect of factor selection,the per capita CO2 emission is selected as the dependent variable.In addition to urbanization,the independent variable also selects the total population,per capita GDP,energy intensity and other related variables as the control variables.At the same time,according to the data performance during the sample period of each major variable,the status quo analysis is carried out,and the data performance and economic trend of each variable are comprehensively compared and analyzed in combination with the actual national conditions of various countries.In the empirical research,firstly,descriptive statistical analysis is carried out on the characteristics of the data in the sample period,and then the data are tested in the aspects of stationarity,cointegration,etc.,so as to ensure the relative stationarity of the sample data and the possibility of regression analysis.Secondly,quantile regression is used to estimate the parameters to be estimated in the model.The significance,parameter value and economic meaning of each variable at different quantile levels were analyzed.Compared with the traditional mean regression model,quantile regression relaxes the strict assumption of model setting and has the advantages of strong robustness,richer results and more comprehensive results.Finally,according to the chain guide rule,the indirect impact mechanism of urbanization on carbon emissions is further studied,and then the total effect of urbanization on carbon emissions can be obtained.The empirical results show that,in the BRICS countries,increasing urbanization level will reduce carbon emissions,which is significant at all percentile levels.Therefore,BRICS countries can accelerate the pace of urbanization to reduce carbon emissions.At the same time,the indirect impact mechanism of urbanization on carbon emissions should not be ignored,otherwise the real impact of urbanization on carbon emissions will be underestimated.The study also shows that population factors,economic development level,financial development level and energy intensity have positive impacts on carbon emissions at different percentile levels.Therefore,improving energy efficiency,controlling population growth,maintaining ecological balance while vigorously developing tertiary industries such as financial industry,and formulating reasonable environment and emission reduction policies are important strategic measures on the economic development path of BRICS countries. |
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