| Since 2013,the construction of the “Belt and Road” has been steadily advancing,and a number of iconic early achievements have begun to emerge,which has greatly promoted the economic development of participating countries.While enjoying the fruits of the "Belt and Road" initiative,all countries should also be soberly aware of the impact of the "Belt and Road" construction on the local ecological environment and social economy,especially infrastructure construction will occupy a part of the ecological land,which directly exerts pressure on the local ecological environment.The quality of the ecological environment is also an important factor restricting the sustainable development of the local economy.In order to promote the construction of the green “Belt and Road” and promote the coordinated development of the ecological economy of the countries along the route,this paper takes the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway constructed by China and Kenya as the research object,based on RS and GIS technology,using the transfer matrix,ecological value index,lighting index and ecoeconomic harmony index and other models to remotely monitor the land use / cover changes and night-time lighting conditions in the 10 km buffer zone before and after the construction of the railway,and analyze the impact and driving factors of the railway construction on local ecology and economy.The main research results are as follows:(1)The land use structure along the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has changed.The total area of the study area is 9431km2,the grassland area decreased by 858.9km2 from 2014 to 2018,the cultivated land,forest land,water area and construction land increased by 350.18 km2,193.52 km2,7.46 km2 and 307.28 km2 respectively,and the land use structure changed.A large number of grasslands in the study area were converted to other land,making the grassland ecosystem with a single structure and fragile ecology more stable.(2)The value of ecosystem services along the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has slightly increased.In 2018,the total value of ecosystem services in the study area was 3.393 billion yuan,an increase of 2.4% from 2014.According to the analysis of ecological contribution rate,the main reason for the improvement of the ecological environment is the conversion of grassland to forest land,cultivated land to forest land,grassland to water and cultivated land to grassland,and the main reason for the reduction of ecological environment is the conversion of grassland to cultivated land,forest land to grassland,grassland to construction land and forest land to cultivated land.(3)The construction of the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has significantly promoted the development of the local economy,but the problem of uneven economic development is outstanding.The night-time light intensity in the study area continued to increase during 2014-2018.The overall comprehensive light index in 2018 was 2.13,an increase of 19.28% over 2014,and the local economy developed rapidly.Human economic activities are mainly concentrated near Mombasa,Nairobi and some railway platforms.The brightness of lights in other areas is low,and the economic development level along the railway varies greatly.(4)The eco-economic development along the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway is at a low level of coordination,and economic development has put a certain pressure on the surrounding environment.The specific performance is: Kwale is a moderate coordination level,Machakos,Nairobi and Taita Tavita are low-level conflict levels,Kirifi,Makuni,Mombasa and Cayado are low-level coordination levels... |
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