Study On The LUCC And Its Eco-environmental Effects On Baiquan County In 23 Years

The changes of land use/land cover can alter types, size and spatial patterns of ecosystems,moreover, they can affect the types and intensity of ecosystem services. It is significant to study theland use change and its effect on ecology for understood the region eco-environment change,improves the region ecological environment.This research used the "3S" technology and the statistical method, integrated landscapeecology and agroecology, thoroughly analyzed the land use change condition of Baiquan County in23 years, and discussed the effect of land use change to the landscape pattern, the ecosystemservice value, the region climate and the microclimate, provides the basis of enhances the land useefficiency, the ecological environment balance and the agricultural sustainable development forBaiquan County.This research mainly included 4 parts: The 1st part carried on the analysis to the land usedynamic change and the driving influence of Baiquan County, and will carry on the forecast to thefuture land use structure; The 2nd part carried on the analysis to the landscape pattern of BaiquanCounty; The 3rd part carries on the estimate and the forecast to the ecosystem service value ofBaiquan County, and analysis ecosystem service value and its structure change situation and therelations with land use change; The 4th part analyzed the effect of land use change on the regionclimate and the microclimate.Main conclusion draw from the research:1. The analyzed for the land use dynamic change of Baiquan CountySelected the MSS\TM/ETM+ image of Baiquan County in 1979, 1, 990 and 2001, analyzed theland use change situation of Baiquan County by the "3S" technology. Obtains: During the 23 years,the farmland and the bare land reduced, and the other land use types increased. Looked from thesynthesis land use dynamic degree that, it is from 1.24 between 1979 and 1990 increased to 1.81between 1990 and 2001, the latter interval translational velocity had quickly to the preceding time;Looked from the sole land use dynamic degree that, the farmland variation rate increased more than2 times, the lawn first reduced and then increased, it had a big change, the variation rate of theforest land, the construction land, the water and the bare land was reduced; The land-use efficiencyincreased 2.1%, the cultivating ratio dropped 13.7%, the agricultural use factor dropped 13.45%, the construction use factor increased 5.03%, the woodland overlay ratio increased 10.19%. We can seefrom these indirect indexes that, the agriculture land unceasingly to reduce, transferred to developthe construction land and the forest land, simultaneously developed some bare lands also, theoverall land utilization degree enhanced in Baiquan County.Analyzed the driving force on the land use change of Biquan County by canonical analysis.Obtains: The large domestic animals number was the driving force which the grass area increased;The increased of the population density, the income of per person was the driving force which theconstruction land increased; The increased of the precipitation rain fall, the economicaldevelopment, the lives of the people level enhancement was the driving force which the forest landarea increased; The population density is the main power for the farmland change, and theprecipitation rain fall was the driving force which the farmland area reduced; The living standardwas the driving force which the bare land reduced; The precipitation rain fall was the driving forcewhich the water body increased.2. The analyzed for landscape pattern change of Baiqun CountyAnalyzed the process of the landscape pattern change of Baiquan County by applying fractaldimension, dominance index, fragmentation index and diversity index. The patch number, theaverage area, the average perimeter all had increased or reduced in every land use type. Thepreceding interval, the fractal dimension of the forest land, the grass land, the water, the bare land,the farmland were increased, and the fractal dimension of the construction land was invariable; Thelatter interval, the fractal dimension of the forest land, the construction land were reduced, thefractal dimension of the water and the bare land were increased. In 1979, the dominance index wasin turn farmland＞bare land＞construction land＞forest land＞grass land＞water, in 1990 was inturn farmland＞forest land＞construction land＞bare land＞grass land＞water, in 2001 was in turnfarmland＞forestland＞construction land＞grass land＞bare land＞water. The fragmentationindex of the farmland and the construction land were increased quickly, the fragmentation index ofthe water and the bare land first reduced and then increased, the fragmentation index of the forestland and the grass land first increased and then reduced. During the 23 years, the diversity indexincreased 0.33.3. Effects on ecosystem service value by land use changeDuring the 23 years, the ecosystem service value of Baiquan County has increased13.11%.The values of the forest land, the water, the grass land were increased, and the other type's wasreduced. In Baiquan County's ecosystem service value, the soil forms, the moisture contentadjustment, the gas adjustment, the climate control, the food adjustment have a large proportion,and the cultural, the entertainment, the gene resources have a small proportion. The contributionforest land and water body to ecosystem service value was the biggest, farmland have a largecardinal number, but the conrtibution is not high, the bare land and the grass land was smaller, thecontribution is also low, the contribution of the construction land is the negative number. Besidesthe farmland and the bare land reduced, the forest land and the water had large scale increased, so considered from the ecology angle; this land use way of this area is advantageous to the ecologicalenvironment change for the better. The ratio of the ecosystem service value and the GDP reducedfrom 10.14in 1979 to 3.84 in 1990, then reduced to 0.96 in 2001, this indicated that the speed of theeconomical development was far quick than the speed of eco-environment restore andimprovement, it is very difficultly to restore once eco-environment encounters destroyed.4. The effect on region climate and microclimate by land use changeAnalyzed the effect on region climate in 4-9 month and 10-3month of Baiquan County fromland use change by canonical analysis. Between 4-9 month, the forest land has affected thecomplete climatic factors and the typical load quite high, so it has the most obvious effect to theclimatic change of Baiquan County. Between 10-3 month, the forest land has a big effect to theprecipitation rain fall, along with the area of the forest land unceasing increased, the precipitationrain fall also was increased, this also caused the phenomenon of spring dry quite light in BaiquanCounty. The increased of water also was an important reason to reduces a spring dry.Take the ground temperature and the soil moisture content as an example, has studied theeffect to the agricultural microclimate from shelter forest influence of Baiquan County. Obtains:The shelter forest grid smaller, the ground temperature lower, the non- shelter belt, the groundtemperature is highest; Is apart from the tree belt farther soil moisture content to be bigger, to isapart from the tree brings when90-100m, the water content is the biggest, 100m later soil moisturecontent reduced; The soil moisture content reduced along with the depth increased, the soilmoisture content is highest in 20cm farming layer.