| The ultimate goal of watershed ecosystem services research is to improve residents’ well-being and maintain long-term sustainable development through scientific management.Quantifying the ecosystem services value of Buyuanjiang Watershed provides an important basis for ecological compensation policies and has a positive effect on integrated watershed management.Buyuanjiang Watershed is an important primary tributary of the Lancang-Mekong Watershed.With the rapid economic development of Buyuanjiang Watershed,there has been a phenomenon of regional economic development and ecological protection inconsistency.How to allocate watershed resources,formulate a reasonable ecological compensation policy,and establish long-term effective management methods are urgent problems to be solved.This study carried out research on the ecological compensation mechanism of Buyuanjiang Watershed based on ecosystem services,quantified the value of ecosystem services of Buyuanjiang Watershed,and evaluated the ecological compensation priority in five counties within the watershed.Main conclusions are listed as below:(1)In 2017,the ecosystem services value per unit area of the whole watershed is 26128.19(yuan/hm2).Among the six types of land use,the water ecosystem has the highest service value per unit area.The order is as follows:water>forest>garden>grassland>cultivated land>unused land;the total value of ecosystem services in Buyuanjiang Watershed was 17.614 billion yuan.The forest ecosystem contributes 75,42%to Buyuanjiang Watershed.Unused land only contributes the lowest value and does not exceed 1%.The order is as follows:forest>garden>grassland>water>cultivated land>unused land.(2)In the first-level functions,services value contribution ranked as:adjustment service(66.63%)>support service(22.93%)>supply service(5.83%)>cultural service(4.62%);In the Second-level fiunctions,services value contribution ranked as:climate regulation>hydrological regulation>soil conservation>biodiversity>gas regulation>purification environment>aesthetic landscape>raw material production>food production>water supply>maintain nutrient cycle.(3)The per unit area value(yuan/hm2)of each counties does not have much difference.Jinghong and Mengla which is in the lower reaches of watershed is relatively higher.The order is as follows:Jinghong City(23621.82)>Mengla County(23495.25)>Jiangcheng County(22657.60)>Simao District(21634.83)>Ninger County(20597.33);Due to the difference of the area of each county,total ecosystem services value(100 million yuan)is quite different.The order is as follows:Jinghong City(68.36)>Mengla County(56.59)>Simao District(29.56)>Jiangcheng County(15.02)>Ninger County(6.77).Jinghong City and Mengla County,which are located in the lower reaches of the basin,respectively contributed 38.78%and 32.10%of total ecosystem services value,and the distribution of ecosystem services value in the whole watershed showed a trend of increasing from top to bottom.(4)The priority of ecological compensation in Buyuanjiang Watershed is:Jiangcheng County>Mengla County>Ninger County>Jinghong City>Simao District.Areas with high ecological services value are not necessarily first compensated.Jiangcheng County and Mengla County are state poverty counties,their ecological compensation needs are the most highest.Although Jinghong City and Simao District have contributed more ecosystem services value,their economic development is also at the leading level in Buyuanjiang Watershed,so the compensation levels are relatively lower.(5)The upper limit of ecological compensation based on the non-market ecosystem services value is 16.603 billion yuan,and the theoretical compensation value(100 million yuan)of each counties is:Jinghong City(64.38)>Mengla County(53.27)>Simao District(27.85)>Jiangcheng County(14.15)>Ninger County(6.38);The actual ecological compensation value is 1.402 billion yuan,and the actual compensation value(100 million yuan)of each counties is:Mengla County(5.75)>Jinghong City(4.35)>Jiangcheng County(1.70)>Simao District(1.59)>Ninger County(0.63).Mengla County and Jinghong City have rich forest resources and provide most of the ecosystem services for the watershed.Therefore,the ecological compensation value is relatively higher. |
