Investigation And Analysis Of Four Heavy Metal Contents Of Edible Fungi And Health Risk Evaluation In Jilin Province

Objective:Edible fungi is rich in common nutrients,such as protein,lipids,carbohydrates,minerals and vitamins.Edible fungi also contents polysaccharides,terpenoids and active peptide amino acids.In recent years,the problem of edible fungi heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious.The purpose of this study is to know the contents of Pb,Cd,Hg and As in edible fungi,and to evaluate the heavy metal pollution status and human health risks by collecting edible fungi in Jilin Province.Then we can effectively prevent and provide scientific basis for controlling heavy metal pollution of edible fungi.Methods:A total of 565 samples were collected in this study,from 9 cities in Jilin Province.Determination of lead,cadmium and total arsenic in edible fungi used the method of ?Food Safety National Standard Determination of Multi-Elements in Foods?.Determination of total mercury in edible fungi used the method of?National Food Safety Standards Determination of Total Mercury and Organic Mercury in Foods?.Blank experiment,standard substance experiment,parallel sample experiment and spiked recovery experiment were adopted as quality control means to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test data.The single factor pollution index method and the complex pollution index method were used to evaluate the pollution status of heavy metals in edible fungi,and the target hazard quotient method was used to evaluate the health risk of heavy metals in edible fungi.In this study,EXCEL 2013 and IBM_SPSS 24.0 software were used for statistical analysis.Measurement data was indicated as(X ±S)or M(Q).Results:1.A total of 565 samples were collected in this study,including 84 copies of fungus,48 copies of red mushroom,66 copies of hericium erinaceus,48 copies of oyster mushroom,55 copies of mushroom,60 copies of pleurotus abalone,40 copies of pleurotus citrinopileatus,45 copies of hazel mushroom,64 copies of hohenbuehelia serotina and 55 copies of others(including 7 copies of dried mushroom,8 copies of agrocybe chaxingu,4 copies of crab flavor mushroom,3 copies of pholiota nameko,4 copies of boletus,5 copies of white beech mushroom,1 morel,7 copies of needle mushroom,5 copies of sticky mushroom,1 tree mushroom,10 copies of tremella fuciformis).Qyster mushroom,mushroom,pleurotus citrinopileatus and others are composed of fresh and dried edible fungi.The numbers of fresh edible fungi is 6,11,18,4 and 21.2.The highest content of Pb was in mushroom(dry product),and the maximum value was 3.305 mg/kg.The maximum Cd content appeared in hazel mushroom,and the maximum value was 3.320mg/kg.The highest Hg content was in other(dry goods),and the maximum value was 0.555 mg/kg.The maximum value of As content appeared in pleurotus citrinopileatus(dry product),the maximum value was 12.046 mg/kg.3.The results of the over-standard rate showed that there was no edible fungi of Pb and Hg exceeded the maximum allowable limits.The Cd contents in hericium erinaceus,oyster mushroom,pleurotus abalone,hazel mushroom,hohenbuehelia serotina,and others exceeded the maximum allowable limits,and the over-standard rates were 6.1%,12.5%,5.0%,22.2%,3.1%,and 1.8%,respectively.The As contents in pleurotus citrinopileatus,and hohenbuehelia serotina exceeded the maximum allowable limits,and the over-standard rates were 2.5% and 3.1%,respectively.4.In the results of the single factor pollution index,the single factor pollution indexes of all edible fungi were below 0.7,which were at the level of uncontaminated.Cd is the main pollution factor of fungus,hericium erinaceus,oyster mushroom,mushroom,pleurotus abalone,hazel mushroom,hohenbuehelia serotina and others.As is the main pollution factor of red mushroom and pleurotus citrinopileatus.5.In the results of the complex pollution index,the complex pollution indexes of all edible fungi were less than 0.7,which were the uncontaminated level.The complex pollution indexes of fungus,red mushroom,hericium erinaceus,oyster mushroom,mushroom,pleurotus abalone,pleurotus citrinopileatus,hazel mushroom,hohenbuehelia serotina and others were 0.044,0.061,0.135,0.298,0.076,0.145,0.093,0.479,0.145,0.083.6.Among the health risk evaluation results,the THQ and TTHQ values of adults and children were less than 1.For adults and children,collected edible fungi samples were safe by analyzing THQ.There was no potential health risk to adult and children by analyzing TTHQ.Children's THQ and TTHQ were higher than adults.Overall,the contribution rates of the 4 kinds of heavy metal to TTHQ were As>Cd>Pb and Hg in both adults and children.Conclusion:1.The result of over-standard rates of heavy metal in edible fungi shows that Pb and Hg in all edible fungi are at a safe level,while Cd and As in some edible fungi are over-standard;2.The results of single factor pollution index indicate that Cd and As are the main pollution factors of edible fungi in Jilin Province.The comprehensive factor pollution indexes of all edible fungi are less than 0.7,which are at the uncontaminated level;3.The results of the health risk evaluation show that for adults and children,20 kinds of collected edible fungi samples were safe by analyzing THQ.The values of THQ and TTHQ in children are higher than those in adults.In general,the contribution rates of four heavy metals to the TTHQ are As>Cd>Pb and Hg.