Research Of American Environmental Regulation And Coal Industry Transformation During 1970s And 1990s

In the 1970 s,environmental regulation mechanisms constituted by a large number of environmental laws and policies be born at the right moment in the U.S.,because strengthened public environmental awareness stimulating the government paid more attention to the environmental protection.Changes of the basic elements of the mechanism,the implementation process and the practical effect have become the standard to measure its effectiveness.Taking the coal industry as an example,to explore the environmental regulation and coal industry transformation,which had to ensure the normal coal enterprises operation and funds smooth flow,but also to ensure that it meet the basic requirements of national environmental Acts and public health.This paper focuses on evolution process that was environmental regulation mechanism and coal industry adjust relevant strategy during the 1970 s and 1990 s,to explore and analyse the U.S.government overall had considered unity and opposites relation between economic growth,coal industry's exist and environment runs,to realize internal unity goal of overall economic development,coal industry normal economic benefits and the related environmental regulation of the coal industry.According to the problem awareness and research ideas,the main contents of the article are as follows:The introduction part adopts comprehensive combing methods to expound the academic value,practical significance,sources of data,research methods,difficulties and innovations in the study of the “Research American environmental regulation and coal industry transformation during 1970 s and 1990s”.Chapter?based on the constitution of American coal mining and consumption Acts,furthermore,interpretation analysis environmental legislation regulatory policies establishment in 1970 s and 1990 s,to a macro perspective recognizing the background of coal industry's adjustment environmental control strategies,laying the foundation for further coal industry transformation measures.Chapter ?started with preliminary market changes of regional market position and macro production and sales volume reduction,analyze the enterprise for such problems,striving to "gradualism" as the guide,trade-off the eastern market and the coordination production and marketing structure of supply and demand model,which have become the core elements of key behavior in practice to deeply understand the key behaviors of coal enterprises in following the market rules,coping with the "high inflation" economic environment and safeguarding the industry profits and environmental benefits.Chapter ? explores the industry's “optimal” environmental financing scheme by means of assessment,which lays a theoretical foundation for pollution prevention and control.Secondly,according to restrict each other relation between the complex and changeable political situation,economic situation,energy policy,the essence of environmental regulation and multiple factors,analyze the actuality of financing strategy practice.Finally,draws the conclusion that the general trend,industry distribution and center gravity transformation of coal industry pollution control funds.At the same time,it also reveals enterprise environmental financing strategy remarkable effect and the “transformation” process keeping pace with the times characteristics,when enterprises weigh the substantial measures of environmental regulation and its own interests.Chapter ? puts improvement innovation technology in the important position of promoting industry development,through the transformation and upgrading resource exploitation,processing and purification technology,to seek a long-term development mechanism,aims to interpret a mutual restraint and promotion relationship,it was formed environmental control pressure,public rights and interests,business management and labor security system.Such as,mining and processing technological innovations,market advances in "flue gas desulfurization systems",and the progressive implementation of "best available pollution control technologies".In summary,this paper gives a comprehensive overview of the relationship between environmental regulation and coal industry transformation in U.S.during the 1970 s and 1990 s,with structural environmental regulatory system strengthening and regulatory means innovation and transformation in the 1970 s,coal enterprises' response to regulatory measures evolution course reveals to balance coal enterprises profit,public rights and interests,and environmental performance various forces is complex and difficult.