Assessment Of Ecological Assets And Ecological Compensation In Dianchi Lake Basin

The healthy operation of the ecological environment in the Dianchi Lake basin is directly related to the sustainable development of Kunming and the strategic deployment of the national leader of Yunnan’s ecological civilization.In the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,it is clear that we should explore and compile the balance sheet of natural resources,and the compilation of natural resource balance sheet should be the first to calculate the natural resource assets and evaluate the ecological assets.At the same time,the evaluation of the value of the ecological assets can provide the theoretical basis and foundation for the local ecological environment management and ecological compensation.Ecological assets are the sum of the direct value of ecosystem biological resources and the value of their ecological services,and they are important indicators of the quality situation of ecosystems.This study divided the Dianchi Lake Basin’s ecological asset types into four categories:forest,grassland,farmland,and wetland.Frequency analysis methods were used,and according to the principle of index selection,the indicators were selected and optimized combining with the characteristics of the ecosystem and its service functions in Dianchi Lake Basin.The index system was established and the evaluation technique methods were determined.Environmental resource valuation techniques were applied for ecological asset value accounting.Based on the evaluation of ecological assets,a quantitative study of the basin ecological compensation standards was conducted by the opportunity cost methods and ecosystem service value transfer methods.Through the study,the following conclusions were drawn:(1)Value of ecological assets in Dianchi Lake BasinThe total value of ecological assets in Dianchi Lake Basin is about 787.92×10~8yuan per year;among it the direct use value is:88.54×10~8 Yuan per year;the indirect use value is 699.38×10~8 yuan per year,and the indirect use value is approximately 7.90times of the direct use price.The value magnitude of each evaluation index in descending order is:water source conservation value,climate regulation value,soil conservation value,waste treatment value,physical product value,oxygen release and carbon fixation value,biodiversity conservation value,leisure and entertainment value,gas regulation value,scientific research and cultural value.(2)The value of ecological assets in 4 types of ecosystemThe ecological asset values of 4 types of ecosystems in Dianchi Lake Basin in descending order are as follows:wetland(424.77×10~8 yuan per year),forest(215.94×10~8 yuan per year),farmland(87.65×10~8 yuan per year),and grassland(59.56×10~8 yuan per year);the value of ecological assets per unit area is presented as:wetland>forest>grassland>farmland。(3)Study on the ecological assets of 4 types ecosystemThe results of study on the ecological assets of different ecosystem types in Dianchi Lake Basin showed that:farmland made the most contribution to physical products of the lake basin;wetland made the most contribution to scientific research and culture of the lake basin,recreation and entertainment,water resources conservation,waste disposal,and climate regulation;forest made the most contribution to oxygen release of carbon fixation of the lake basin,biodiversity protection,and gas regulation.The above results can provide scientific and effective suggestions for lake basin protection managers to manage a certain ecosystem service function.(4)Ecological compensation in Dianchi Lake BasinThrough the ecological compensation research on returning farmlands to forests,returning farmlands to wetlands,and water source protection zone of Songhua Dam during the 12th five-year period in Dianchi Lake Basin,it was shown that the determination of ecological compensation subject and object should be determined by the providers and beneficiaries of ecosystem services.During the 12th five-year period in Dianchi Lake Basin,the lower limit of the quota about the ecological compensation of returning farmland to forest is 0.96×10~8 yuan per year,and the upper limit is1.49×10~8 yuan per year;the lower limit of the quota about the ecological compensation of returning farmland to wetland is 1.44×10~8 yuan per year,and the upper limit is:36.61×10~8 yuan per year;the lower limit of the quota about ecological compensation of Songhua Dam water source protection zone is 1.30×10~8 yuan per year,and the upper limit is 2.02×10~8 yuan per year.According to the research results of ecological asset assessment and ecological compensation in the Dianchi Lake Basin,it was found in this paper that wetlands and forest ecosystems made the most contribution to the ecological assets in the Dianchi Lake Basin.Therefore,during the development of the Dianchi Lake Basin,attention should be paid to the conservation and reconstruction of wetlands and forests.The environmental benefits of returning farmland to forest and returning farmland to wet land in the Dianchi basin are higher than that of the national investment.However,in order to achieve the optimal development of the environment and economy,the compensation is still not enough at this stage.