Research On Biodiversity Impact Assessment Of Tuorism Planning

Tourism,especially eco·tourism highly depends on the ecological environment.Tourism areas usually are rich in biodiversity resources.Unsuitable tourism develop activities will inevitably impact on biological diversity.Environmental impact assessment(EIA),which is considered as an effective environmental management tool to prevent ecological destruction and environmental pollution,has played an important role in ecological environmental protection.Both“EIA act" and“Planning EIA regulation”explicitly stipulate that planning EIA should be carried out during drawing out tourism planning(TP).And biodiversity is an important part of eco-envieronment.In this situation,biodiversity impact assessment(BIA)of TP should be essential both in conservating biodiversity from the source and improving TP-EIA.This paper used theoretical analysis and case study method.It reviewed the relative researches and practices at home and abroad,comprehensively elaborated the concept and main content of BIA of TP on the basis of biodiversity and TP-EIA,and proposed some main methods.It also demonstrated the feasibility and applicability of the content and methods by the case study.The main results as follows:(1)Tuorism planning would cause some negetive impacts to the struction and function of biodiversity directly or indirectly.The tourism development activities,such as landscape development,road construction,water supply and drainage infrastructure,and so on,would take up habitat,destroy vegetation and landscape,pollute environment as well as disturb flora and fauna directly or indirectly.These activities would cause some negative impact on the number,physiological activity,behavior or ecological function of biodiversity.(2)The main content of BIA of TP contained four processes and three levels.The main evaluation processes contained status survey and analysis,impact identification,impact prediction and assessment,precaution measure and recommendation.Each process was involved in three levels which were species diversity,ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity.And the primary characteristics were relatedness,regionalism and complexity.(3)There were some different methods that were suitable for of BIA of TP.They were mainly applied in biodiversity status survey and analysis,impact identification,impact prediction and assessment.The main biodiversity status survey and analysis method was data collection,consultationt,on-site investigation and survey,GIS-based ecological cartography,graphics or image interpretation.The main biodiversity impact identification method was Delphi and Matrix.And the main biodiversity impact prediction and assessment method was biodiversity index evaluation,graphic overlay,landscape ecology evaluation,Delphi,contrast and analogy,and so on.(4)BIA of Ganzi TP assessed the negative impacts that were caused by Ganzi TP to biodiversity comprehensively and subjectively.Different methods had been used to assess the impacts on landscape diversity,ecosystem diversity and species diversity.Evaluation results showed that the key ladescape type didn,t change.The predominance changed a little,but the predominance of city increased by 4.1%.And the diversity(0.723)and evenness(5.784)was the same with the past.The rarity of ecosystem was 1.The organic abundance(21.92%)didn,t change.The vegetation reduced by 0.01%.But the construction of landscape and roads would occupy some nature rezerves.There would exsit some negative impacts on sensitive nature reserves.To take some preeautions and measures would prevent these negative impacts.These results would not only provide some theoy and methods to BIA of TP-EIA,but also enriched the content and technology of EIA in China.At the same time,it would propose some advices and references to drawing up teehnieal guidelines for TP-EIA.