The Ecological Compensation Study On Nanjing Lvshuiwan Urban Wetland

Wetlands are "kidney of the earth".The urban wetlands are considered as the best ecological land by some scholars.The urban wetlands are of vital ecological significance to the urban ecosystem.They play an important role in maintaining ecological balance and biological diversity in the city and ensuring ecological safety.As the largest national wetland park in Jiangsu,as well as the only one in Nanjing,the Lvshuiwan Wetland has an important strategic position in the ecological construction because of its location in national new district.Due to the features of public goods and externality of the ecological environment,people who live outside the Lvshuiwan Wetland also can enjoy ecological services of the wetland for free.However,the implementation of ecological engineering in the Lvshuiwan Wetland requires huge investment of the government,and the ecological protection also increases the opportunity cost of industrial development.Besides,projects such as returning farmland to wetlands and returning houses to wetlands,etc,will also bring enormous resettlement costs.Therefore,there is a serious asymmetry between the cost of conservationists and the beneficiaries' free enjoyment.Establishing and improving the ecological compensation system can promote a good interaction between beneficiaries and conservationists,and thus contribute to the sustainable protection of the Lvshuiwan Wetland and the stable healthy operation of the ecological system.Based on the understanding of domestic and international ecological compensation and its theories,in terms of domestic relative blank in urban wetlands and insufficient research on calculation methods of ecological compensation standards,the paper takes the Lvshuiwan Wetland in Nanjing as example and takes the city's most important factor-economy into account.The ecological compensation of urban wetland was exploratively studied through questionnaire survey and field visits.The research results are as follows:(1)The ecological compensation framework of the Lvshuiwan Wetland was reconstructed.Under the principles of ecological compensation,the paper confirmed the compensation subjects and objects,the compensation standards,and the means of compensation.Besides,some security measures were proposed combining theories and the actual situation(2)The compensation standard of the Lvshuiwan Wetland.From the present perspective,the upper and lower limit of compensation standard of the Lvshuiwan Wetland is 11335 and 2958 yuan per mu a year,respectively.From the planning perspective(after the programme),we predict that the upper and lower limit of compensation standard is 24562 and 8875 yuan per mu a year,respectively.At the same time,these specific standards will be affected by the policy,economy,price and so on.(3)The compensation standard of returning farmland to wetlands in the Lvshuiwan Wetland.? the upper and lower limit of compensation standard is 4300 and 2600 yuan per mu a year,respectively when fully returning farmland to wetlands;the compensation age limit is from land expropriation to the recovery of farmers'income level as before.?When retaining the usage rights but in ecological control,the upper and lower limit of compensation standard is 2710 and 1550 yuan per mu a year,respectively;the compensation age limit is from ecological control to the recovery of farmers' income level as before.Besides,these specific standards will be affected by the policy,economy,price and so on.(4)The compensation standard of returning fishing to wetlands.The upper and lower limit of compensation standard is 2,300 and 2200 yuan per mu a year,respectively.The compensation age limit is the same as the contract.It should be pointed out that,these specific standards will be affected by the policy,economy,price and so on.(5)The compensation standard of returning houses to wetlands.?The upper limit of compensation standard of house land expropriation is 3,500 yuan/m2,and lower limit is the real compensation:2,700 yuan/m2.The limites should change with the volatility of house price in Pukou District in Nanjing.The compensate funds are granted at once.?The compensation of housing resettlement is given as the ratio of 1:1 substantially.If per capita family house area is too small,the compensation standard should be appropriately relaxed on the resettlement housing policy.And these specific standards will be affected by the policy,economy,price and so on.