| Coastal tourism is one of the fastest growing areas in the world tourism industry.As a recreational site integrating the resources of "3S"(sun,sand,and sea),the bathing beach plays an important role in coastal tourism.The coastline of our country is long,the coastal tourism resources are abundant,and there are many bathing beaches.However,the quality of bathing beach resources in China is uneven,and there are many differences in the degree of development,facilities,and management levels.There are deficiencies in scientific protection and reasonable development.The scientific evaluation of the quality of bathing beach resources is conducive to fully understand the status of bathing beach resources in China,so as to promote the rational development,sustainable utilization and scientific management of bathing beach resources in China.Under the support of the Sub-task of the Special Fund for Marine Public Scientific Research Funding Project "Research on the Management of the Assessment and Optimized Utilization of Intra-shore Sea Space Resource Development"(2014418025-3),this paper is based on the combination of data collection and field research,macro regional survey and micro test analysis,questionnaire statistical analysis and model evaluation,a lot of information and data for evaluation is obtained,Among these survey,192 samples of sand samples were obtained,effective slope was measured for more than 110 times,330 related slope data were obtained,752 effective questionnaires were collected,and 1500 photos were taken;The main indicators such as air temperature,water temperature,water quality(Tuesday and Saturday),and health index of the bathing beach in the study area were recorded on the website of the National Marine Environment Monitoring Center,the website of the National Marine Environment Forecasting Center,and the website of the National Meteorological Bureau twice a week,a total of more than 12,000 data such as temperature,weather,wind power,water quality,and air quality index were collected.This study sets out the evaluation system of the bathing beach resources' quality in China from different perspectives of tourists,managers and development of bathing beach.Including bathing beach classification system,evaluation factor system,factor scoring system,factor weight system and comprehensive evaluation system.Based on the evaluation system for the quality of the bathing beach resources in China,considering the characteristics of the distribution of the bathing beaches and the quality of resources in China,from the point of view of the type of bathing beach and the area,we conducted extensive research on major bathing beaches and selected ten bathing beaches in major areas for empirical research,the empirical research includes the evaluation of natural resource quality and the evaluation of development management quality,the corresponding weight system is determined by the types of bathing beaches,the comprehensive index of resource quality of ten major bathing beaches in China are calculated by using the comprehensive evaluation model of the resources quality of the Chinese bathing beach.Finally,through the evaluation results,we discuss the resource quality status,resource endowment,main problems and countermeasures of main bathing beaches in China.The main conclusions of this paper include the following aspects:(1)The paper uses the "Urbanization Index" model to determine the functional orientation of the baths and classify the bathing beaches.In the comprehensive evaluation,Semyoshenkova's beach comprehensive index(BQI)model is used to evaluate the different types of bathing beaches using a differentiated weighting approach,this evaluation method can realize the trade-off relationship between the development and protection of different types of bathing beaches,and avoid the problem of "one size fits all" for all types of baths in the past evaluation of bathing beaches.In addition,this comprehensive evaluation method adopts a two-fold structure,which makes it easier to find out the impact of natural resources and development management on the overall quality of the bathing beach,and also provides convenience for the comparison of various bathing beaches.(2)The "Urbanization Index" was calculated for the ten selected bathing beaches in China,the results showed that there were three“urban beaches",these are Tiger-rock bathing beach in Qinhuangdao;International bathing beach in Weihai and Stone old bathing beach in Qingdao;There are six "semi-city" beaches,namely Golden pebble beach in Dalian:Kulangsu in Xiamen;Meisha beach in Shenzhen;Silver beach in Beihai and Yalong Bay in Sanya;There are two "rural beaches",Tide island in Lianyungang and Zhujiajian island in Zhoushan.(3)Comprehensive evaluation of natural resource quality was conducted on ten major bathing beaches in China.The results showed that the highest natural resources index is Yalong Bay in Sanya,followed by Silver beach in Beihai,and then followed by Zhujiajian island in Zhoushan,Kulangsu in Xiamen,Stone old bathing beach in Qingdao,Meisha beach in Shenzhen,Tiger-rock bathing beach in Qinhuangdao,International bathing beach in Weihai,Tide island in Lianyungang and Golden pebble beach in Dalian;The highest development and management quality index is Meisha beach in Shenzhen,followed by Tiger-rock bathing beach in Qinhuangdao,Yalong Bay in Sanya,Kulangsu in Xiamen,International bathing beach in Weihai,Stone old bathing beach in Qingdao,Tide island in Lianyungang,Zhujiajian island in Zhoushan,Silver beach in Beihai and Golden pebble beach in Dalian;the highest composite index of beach bathing resources was Yalong Bay,Sanya;followed by Zhujiajian island,Zhoushan;and then followed by Tiger-rock bathing beach,Qinhuangdao;Kulangsu,Xiamen;Stone old bathing beach,Qingdao;Silver beach,Beihai;Meisha beach,Shenzhen;International bathing beach,Weihai;Golden pebble beach,Dalian;Tide island,Lianyungang.(4)The current outstanding problems in the main bathing beaches in China and solutions are as follows:?To solve the problem of poor water quality in the bathing beach,the monitoring of the bathing beach itself and its surrounding seawater sources should be strengthened.The main contaminants of the fecal coliform should be screened and managed at the same time as the monitoring.?For the problem of poor waste disposal in the bathing beaches,it is necessary to“opening up the source and regulating the flow",which should be resolved from the following aspects:increase propaganda,the density of beach litter boxes,the number of garbage disposal personnel,and improve equipment for garbage cleaning personnel.?For the problem of the imperfect infrastructure in the bathing beach,it is necessary for the bathing beach managers to balance the relationship between the artificial facilities and the natural landscape,and to improve the artificial facilities on the premise of fully guaranteeing the natural landscape.?For the problem of high cost of goods and facilities in bathing baths,bathing managers should guide businessmen to let profit in order to get a bigger consumer group so as to achieve a better balance between business profits and consumers' expectations.?In view of the poor service of the service personnel in the bathing beach,three aspects should be taken steps:strengthening the business training of various service personnel and the management of scenic area service personnel,setting up a visitor complaints agency.Detailed discussion see text. |
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