Study On Community And Soil Characteristics In West Open Pit Of Fushun Mine

Coal mining has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems.Understanding the restoration rules of vegetation and soil in mining areas,as well as the interaction between soil and vegetation,is of great significance to the ecological restoration of mining areas.Therefore,this article takes the West Open-Pit of Fushun mining area as the research object.This paper will discuss about the four end slopes,a begetation community taken from a control plot,and soil physical and chemical properties;based on the interpretation of the succession law of vegetation community and the restoration law of soil physical and chemical properties,by using Redundancy analysis(RDA)and correlation analysis to reveal the correlation between vegetation communities and soil factors in mining areas,so as to provides references for ecological restoration in mining areas.The main findings are as follows:(1)Through sample survey,there are 69 species of plants in the study area.The natural vegetation in the mining area is mainly herbaceous,among which the dominance of Compositae is the most significant,followed by Polygonaceae.In addition,there are also a large number of Legume,Grass and other plants.According to the classification of life forms,there are 63 species of herbaceous plants,accounting for 91.30% of all species in the sample,3 species of shrubs,accounting for 4.35% of all species in the sample and 3 species of trees,accounting for 4.35% of all species in the sample.(2)Ulmus pumila,Rhus typhina,Robinia pseudoacacia,Lonicera maackii,Sambucus williamsii,Ambrosia artemisiifolia,Ambrosia trifida,Humulus scandens,Fagopyrum esculentum and Setaria viridis appear in large numbers in the mining area with a high degree of advantage.Considering the poor landscape effect of the mining area,it is necessary to combine flowering and flower color to increase the landscape and ecological benefits of the mining area in the later vegetation restoration.(3)Compared with the other four plots,the dominant speciesof played a more prominent dominant role in the control plot.Also,it showes that species have a competitive elimination relationship during the process of vegetation restoration.Among the four sample plots in the mining area,the southern and northern end slopes are moderately similar,and only their vegetation communities are closer to the natural level.(4)In the vertical direction,the soil bulk density of the four plots in the mining area gradually increase as the soil depth increase,and the soil porosity and water content gradually decrease as soil depth increase.The control plot is the opposite.The soil textureof the sample plot in mining area is sandy soil,and the soil texture of the control plot is sandy loam.(5)The soil p H in the study area is neutral to weakly alkaline and showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the recovery years.Due to the influence of coal mining activities,soil organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus of the soil in the mining area decreased by comparing with the control plot.The soil in the mining area is rich in organic matter,total phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium,but soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available phosphorus are relatively lacking.(6)Phosphorus removal in the sol is relatively and there is no obvious law of recovery time,but the other nutrient indicators generally increase with the increase of the recovery years.In the vertical direction,the various nutrient indexes of the soil in the study area have a high similarity,which is manifested in that the nutrient content of the surface soil is higher than the bottom layer,showing obvious surface aggregation.Due to the influence of coal mining activities,there is a certain degree of heavy metal pollution in the mining area,among which Cd and Cu are more obvious.(7)Soil organic matter and heavy metal Cd have the most obvious impact on species diversity,and soil water content and soil bulk density have the most obvious impact on vegetation coverage.Different soil factors have different effects on vegetation communities,and the influence of soil chemical properties on community diversity is higher than that of soil physical properties.Compared with soil chemical properties,soil physical properties have a greater impact on vegetation coverage.