Phylogenetic Relationship Of Typhlocybinae Based On Mitochondrial Genomics And A Preliminary Study Of Zyginellini On Biogeography

Typhlocybinae belongs to Cicadellidae,Hemiptera.The complete mitochondrial genome of Limassolla lingchuanensis,Paraahimia luodianensis,Parathailocyba orla,Eupteryx minusula and Mitjaevia protuberanta,are reported in this study.The sequence of five species of leafhoppers were annotated and analyzed in details.Meanwhile,the base composition,amino acid composition,codon use and other aspects of the whole mitochondrial genome of five leafhopper species were systematically analyzed,and the construction of phylogenetic trees and the simple evolutionary relationship were analyzed.The results are as follows:(1)The external morphological characteristics of five leafhopper species mentioned above were described,and the external morphology data of Erythroneurini,Typhlocybini and Zgyinellini were analyzed.It is found that there are many similarities between the external genitalia of the males of Typhlocybini and Zgyinellini.(2)The complete circular mitochondrial genome of the five Typhlocybine leafhoppers have length of 15716 bp,16945 bp,15382bp,16945 bp and 15472 bp.(3)By analyzing the mitochondrial genomes components of the five leafhopper species,we found that there are some differences in base composition,intergenic and overlapping regions,protein-coding gene start codon and stop codon,RNA gene and control between the different leafhopper groups.Generally speaking,Typhlocybini and Zgyinellini have high similarity in all aspects.(4)Phylogenetic analysis results were as follows: the NJ tree and ML tree were constructed based on COX1,Cytb and 13 PCGs combined genes in the mitochondrial genome of the subfamily Typhlocybinae,it shows that Paraahimia luodianensis,Parathailocyba orla and Limassolla lingchuanensis of Zgyinellini are closely related to Eupteryx minusula of Typhlocybini,and the tribe Erythroneurini is a monophyletic group.(5)There are 163 species of 34 genera in the world.The dominant group is from the genus Limassolla which consist of 44 species worldwide.It accounts for 26.99% of all the species in Zyginellini.In the Zoogeographic regions within the world,Oriental and Ethiopian were two dominant distribution regions for Zyginellini,occupied about 44.12% and 38.24% of the total number of genera,and about 50.31% and 36.21% of the total number of species.A few species distribute in Palaearctic and Australian regions,the endemic genera and species of Zyginellini are abundant.(6)Based on the distribution information of the Zyginellini,it can be inferred that the origin of the leafhoppers in this tribe can be traced back at least to the African continent after the disintegration of the Mesozoic associated Paleo-continent.Typhlocybini which are closely related to Zyginellini originated before the disintegration of the United Paleo-continent in the Mesozoic era.So,the differentiation time of Zyginellini was later than that of Typhlocybini.The high proportion of endemic genera and species of Zyginellini in Oriental Region indicates that the Southern China and South Asian islands located at the Oriental Region are probably the modern distribution and differentiation centers of Zyginellini.