| Among the various methods of modern ecological research,landscape ecology is a new interdisciplinary subject that studies the interaction between spatial patterns and ecological processes,and is a new branch of macroecological research.It takes climate,geomorphology,rocks and soil,vegetation,and hydrology as the five elements of landscape composition,and takes the overall landscape formed by them as the research object.Through the study of the distribution,formation,and change of landscape patterns,we can understand the effect of various natural factors and human activities on the formation,distribution and change of landscape pattern.Landscape pattern analysis is an important research idea and method for landscape ecology.An in-depth study of the characteristics of landscape pattern will help to understand the relationship between people and land,and will be beneficial to the effective protection of biodiversity and natural resources.The combination of RS and GIS has become a powerful analysis method for exploring the characteristics of landscape patterns and revealing their spatial varirations.Studying the characteristics of the landscape pattern of Sunite Right Banner,and analyzing the factors affecting the landscape pattern from multiple perspectives of natural and human factors,respectively,is conducive to understanding the status and role of natural and human factors in the formation and evolution of landscape patterns.Zoning through the regional differences in landscape pattern and their influencing factors,gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying causes of the formation of landscape patterns in different subdivisions,have far-reaching significance for the optimization of human-land relations and sustainable development in the region.In this study,relevant principles of landscape ecology are used and Suniteyou Banner is used as the research area.The 2017 LandsatOLI remote sensing image is used as a data source.Based on field surveys and social statistics,a landscape index with clear ecological significance is selected.Quantitatively analyze the overall characteristics of the landscape pattern at the level patch type and explore the reasons for the formation of different landscape patterns in Sunite Right Banner from multiple perspectives.The results show that:(1)The study area is dominated by environmental resource landscapes,and grasslands are controlled landscapes,accounting for more than 74% of the total area of the study area.(2)Among the three landscape types in the study area,although environmental resources and residual landscapes are large,they are highly fragmented.(3)Among the natural factors,the different landforms,hydrology,vegetation and soil types is not highly landscaped,and the distribution of various landscapes is uneven.Socio-economic factors have a significant effect on the landscape pattern in terms of population density and actual livestock carrying capacity.(4)Water is the source of life and the most fundamental driving force for people‘s expansion into arid regions.It is the most difficult to exploit and utilize water resources in the diversified residual landscape area in the north central part,and humans first expanded into this area in the historical period.The original grassland ecosystem was unable to repair the original ecological landscape,and gradually desertified,therefore formed a large area of sandy land landscape.The long-term high-intensity and continuous man-made action formed the current diverse landscape based on sandy land landscape;the groundwater extraction conditions of specific areas are good.The southern fragmented human landscape area,which is easier to use,attracts people who expand later.With the artificial introduction of farmland,settlements and other landscapes,the original matrix landscape is severely fragmented,and large areas of nakedness Soil landscape appeared;modern groundwater extraction technology has been used to extract deep groundwater in the landscape area of fragmented grasslands in the south central part of the country,and modern towns and villages have been formed.The grassland landscape has also been embedded with many scattered and artificially introduced landscapes;the single steppe landscape area in the northeast where resources are scarce is currently the least disturbed.it basically maintains the integrity of the desert steppe landscape and becomes the only area remaining close to the natural ecological landscape.Available water resources are the most fundamental driving factor of human behavior,and human behavior is the direct reason for changing the structure and pattern of native natural landscapes,leading to the regional differences in landscape patterns. |
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