Diversity Of Bird Community And Its Influencing Factors In Yinhu Wetland Of Yantai

Lake wetland is a kind of wetland type which is easily disturbed by human beings,and birds are the important components of the wetland ecosystem.Through the research and investigation of Lake birds,the research results can provide scientific theoretical basis for the management of Lake Wetland and the protection of birds.In this study,from October 2017 to January 2020,the bird community diversity and its environmental factors of Yantai Silver Lake wetland were investigated once a month by using the sample line method and the sample point method in different periods.The main results are as follows:Here are 150 species in 46 families and 16 orders of birds recorded in Yinhu lake,Yantai.Among them,Passeriformes is the most,accounting for 54.35% and 46.67% of the total number of birds in this area.In addition to Passeriformes,there are 24 species in 4 families,accounting for 8.70% and 16.00% of the total number of birds in this area.There are 22 species in 1 family,accounting for 2.17% and 12.00% of the total number of birds in this area.There are 4 types of resident birds,48 kinds of tourist birds,38 kinds of resident birds,32 kinds of winter migrant birds and summer migrant birds,70 kinds of summer breeding birds(resident birds and summer migrant birds),accounting for 46.67% of the total,70 kinds of winter birds(winter migrant birds and resident birds),accounting for 46.67% of the total,32.00% of the total,and the emergence time is relatively concentrated,which shows that Yinhu is an important breeding place for birds in China Wintering area and important rest area for North-South migration.There are 12 species of birds with important conservation value: Aquila chrysaetos,Grus japonensis,Cygnus cygnus,Milvus migrations,Pernis optilorhynchus,Buteo Buteo,circus Cyaneus,Falco tinnunculus,Falco subbuteo,Athene Noctua,Falco vespertinus and Falco peregrinus.Six endangered and vulnerable species are listed in the IUCN Red List of threatened species,including Grus japonensis,Emberiza aureola,anser cygnoides,anser erithropus,Aythya ferrina and Emberiza rustica.In winter,21 sample points were selected from the whole Yinhu sample area,and the overwintering water birds were mainly observed in the wetland sample area ofYinhu.According to the migration rule and the dynamic change of birds in a year,it can be divided into four periods: spring migration period(April),summer breeding period(May to July),autumn migration period(August to September)and winter overwintering period(October to March of the next year).The winter overwintering period can be divided into three stages: early overwintering period(October to November),stable overwintering period(December to February of the next year)and late overwintering period(March of the next year).The whole sample area of Yinhu lake is divided into 21 sample points,and the overwintering water birds are mainly observed in the sample area of Yinhu wetland.38 species,9 families and 6 orders of waterfowl were recorded in winter,among which the highest individual number of single record was 2885.The species similarity of the two overwintering water birds in Yinhu wetland is 87%.The number of species and individuals of waterfowl in the early,stable and late stages of overwintering are different,showing a decreasing trend in turn;the diversity index and richness index are the highest in the late stage of overwintering,while the stable and regular period of overwintering is the lowest.There is a significant relationship between the temperature and the diversity of bird community,in which the richness index is positively correlated with the monthly average temperature and the monthly average maximum temperature;the Simpson index and Shannon Wiener index are positively correlated with the monthly average maximum temperature and the extremely high temperature;and the evenness index is positively correlated with the extremely high temperature.There was a significant negative correlation between the water level and the individual number of birds,and there was a interspecific correlation among some families,such as Anatidae,Brachytidae,and Yangkeidae.In summer,seven lines were selected according to the habitat types of Yinhu wetland and divided into four different habitat types.The total length of the lines was11.34 km.There are 73 species in 40 families and 14 orders of birds found in summer breeding period,of which Passeriformes is the main species,40 species in 23 families,accounting for 57.50% and 54.79% of the total number of birds in summer breeding period,followed by 8 species in 4 families and 10.00% and 10.96% of the total number of birds,8 species in 1 family and 2.50% and 10.96% of the total number of birds.There are 15 dominant species of breeding birds in summer,which are respectively Anas platyrhynchos,Anas poecilorhyncha,tachybaptus ruficollis,Fulica atra,charadrius dubius,Egretta garzetta,Pica pica,Cyanopica cyana,Acrocephalus Among the dominant species,12 are resident birds,accounting for 75% of the dominant species,and 3 are summer migratory birds,accounting for 18.75%.The similarity of birds in the two breeding periods is 72.73%,and the difference between species and richness index in the two breeding seasons is large.The species in 2019 is higher than that in 2018,while the richness index is that the breeding period in summer 2018 is higher than that in summer 2019.In summer,the species number and diversity index of birds were negatively correlated with the number of motor vehicles and noise,and positively correlated with the water area ratio.According to the diversity analysis of different habitats in summer breeding period,Simpson index is the highest in river wet area,forest area is the lowest,Shannon Wiener index is the highest in lake wet area,forest area is the lowest,evenness index is the highest in residential tributary area,forest area is the lowest,richness index is the highest in river wet area,residential tributary area is the lowest,bird density in 4 habitats is river wet area The highest is in the residential tributary area.In the spring and autumn migration season,101 species,39 families and 14 orders of birds were recorded,including 57 species,29 families and 12 orders of birds in spring migration season and 90 species,39 families and 14 orders of birds in autumn migration season.In the spring and autumn migration season,Passeriformes is the main species,accounting for 56.41% of the total families and 47.52% of the total species of birds;in addition to Passeriformes,the main migration season is babbler,with a total of 4 families and 19 species,accounting for 10.26% of the total families and 18.81% of the total species of birds in the spring and autumn migration season;followed by peliformes,with 9 species,accounting for 8.91% of the total species in the spring and autumn migration season.There are four types of resident birds in the spring and autumn migration season,among which 24 are summer migratory birds,accounting for 34.65% of the total species,34 are the same as the resident birds,accounting for 33.66% of the total species,and 9 are winter migratory birds,accounting for 8.91% of the total species.The similarity index of the spring andautumn migration seasons in 2019 and 2018 is 66.67%,and the bird species,quantity,Shannon Weiner index and richness index of the migration season in 2019 are higher than that of the migration season in 2018,and the evenness index is higher than that of2019;the diversity index and richness index of the spring migration season in two years are higher than that of the autumn migration season,and the similarity between the two is 62.59%;the autumn migration season The diversity index and richness index in 2019 are higher than that in 2018,and the similarity index in the two years is quite different,about 50%.According to the results,it is suggested to reduce the traffic flow,reduce the noise and maintain the height of water level in Yinhu wetland,pay attention to drinking water diversion as a source of water,and reduce the exposed beach area in the reservoir area.This study provides scientific basis and correct direction for the protection of Yinhu wetland and local birds.