Controversy And Defense Of Engels' Dialectics Of Nature From The Perspective Of System Theory

Engels' dialectics of nature has been subject to various controversies since it's birth.For example,Eduard Bernstein believes that the so-called contradiction in nature is only a manifestation of contradictions in ideas;Georg Lukacs understands Engels' dialectics of nature as a betrayal of Hegel's dialectics;Alfred Schmidt believes that Marx and Engels has essential differences in their understanding of the concept of nature;Sidney Hook even considers Engels' dialectics of nature to be a metaphysical hypothesis of idealism.In addition,Karl Kautsky,Jean-Paul Sartre,Norman Levine,and other Western scholars have also criticized Engels' dialectics of nature to varying degrees.In fact,looking at the various comments made by Western scholars on Engels' dialectics of nature,it is not difficult to find that their discussion mainly revolves around "Does dialectics exist in nature","Has Engels' dialectics of nature applies or deviates from Hegel's dialectics","Is Engels' dialectics of nature opposed to Marx's historical dialectics".The real reason why Western scholars hold a negative attitude towards Engels 'dialectics of nature is because it is influenced by the trend of modern Western philosophical thoughts and attempts to use the bourgeois theoretical system to explain,supplement and rebuild Engels' dialectics of nature.For example,Eduard Bernstein and Karl Kautsky used Neo-Kantianism to replace dialectical materialism;Georg Lukacs used Hegel's "Substance is Subject" to judge Engels' dialectics of nature;Jean-Paul Sartre advocated replacing materialist dialectics with "humanistic dialectics";Sidney Hook tried to pragmatize Engels'dialectics of nature.Therefore,these interpretations seriously obscure the true historical face of Engels' dialectics of nature.We believe that in order to achieve a true defense of Engels' natural dialectics,we must return to history itself,theory itself,and content itself,and incorporate the era background,integral function and internal structure of Engels natural dialectics into theoretical research.In short,the Engels' dialectics of nature needs to be treated as a system,and it must be interpreted in the three relations of environment and system,system and element,element and element,that is,through system theory to strip the various impressions and images deliberately set for Engels,and restore a true dialectics of nature.This article is divided into five chapters:The first chapter is to define "Engels'Dialectics of Nature".Through the analysis of "historical data" and "philosophical categories",the "Engels' Dialectics of Nature" to be discussed in this article is defined as the unity of "Views of nature-Views of science-Dialectics" in the Book of Dialectics of nature.The second chapter is based on the "environment-system-element" system analysis method to establish a system model involving the background,ideological essence,and theoretical content of Engels's dialectics of nature.The third chapter is to sort out the disputes of Engels's dialectics of nature by foreign scholars,and summarize them into three types of the most representative theoretical viewpoints.The fourth chapter is based on the theoretical analysis of the previous chapters,and conducts fierce and mild refutations of the three types of views of foreign scholars.The former focuses on analyzing the theoretical foundation of distorted views,and the latter focuses on re-interpreting Marx's theory from the perspective of system theory.The fifth chapter analyzes the essence of defending Engels's dialectics of nature.On the one hand,it argues that the defense is to restore the true historical aspect of Engels'dialectics of nature.On the other hand,it discusses the future research trend of Engels' dialectics of nature,and puts forward the research on the direction of "Compound eye Perspective".In short,defending Engels's dialectics of nature from the perspective of system theory is not only conducive to the correct understanding and objective evaluation of Engels's dialectics of nature,but also enriches and advances the theoretical research of Engels's dialectics of nature in the new era.