Effect Of Several Soil Improvers On Peach And Strawberry Growth

Most orchards in China are distributed on mountainous,hilly,and sandy beaches.There are unfavorable factors such as thin soil layers,low organic matter content,imbalanced nutrients,and low water and fertility capacity.In orchard soil management,due to improper fertilization management,the orchard soil Nutrient loss,severe soil degradation,low quality fruit rates,and even reduced yields.How to maintain soil quality,improve soil pH,reduce soil erosion,reduce the use of chemical fertilizers,and increase fertilizer utilization rates has become the focus of attention.The correct use of soil improvement products can effectively alleviate many of the above problems,so the use and research of soil improvement products are gradually favored.In this study,grafted seedlings of two-year-old peach variety'Ruiguang39/peaches'[Prunus persica?L.?Batsch]were used as test materials to explore the effects of soil modifiers on soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial community structure,microbial species diversity,and plant growth,taking composite nano-silicon and new water-retaining agent hygroscopic nano-adhesive treatment?T1,T2,T3,T4,T5?.A potted'Miaoxiang No.7'strawberry was used as a test material under the conditions of sand culture using 15N isotope labeling technologyto investigate the effects of different concentrations of composite nano-silicon?0,0.5%,1%?on strawberry growth and nitrogen nutrition.The main findings are as follows:?1?Effects of different soil modifiers on peach soil improvement:Compared with CK,except for T3,the other four soil modifiers significantly reduced soil pH,of which T2 had the largest decrease,a decrease of 5.1%.T1,T2,and T3 treatments significantly increased soil conductivity,while T4 and T5 soil conductivity decreased significantly.The soil water content was measured for 5 consecutive days after treatment.All five soil modifiers showed water retention and water retention effects and T5 soil water content was 29.90%,higher than CK,and T1 was the lowest with 18.05%improvement.The top ten microorganisms with relative abundance in bacteria and fungi were selected for analysis.T5 treatment had a greater effect on the composition of microorganisms than T4treatment.Among fungi,Ascomycota increased from 3.64%of CK treatment to 9.13%of T5treatment.Basidiomycota increased from 0.47%of CK to 1.38%of T5,and there was no significant change in other species.The effect of the modifier on bacteria is more obvious than that of fungi.Among them,the T5 treatment of Proteobacteria has increased from 36.67%of CK to 46.26%,and Acidobacteria has increased to 11.52%.Compared with the control group,it decreased by 4.11%,44.80%,and 58.01%,and the other strains did not change significantly.In bacteria,the median,dispersion,maximum,and minimum values of the Chao1 index in T5 treatment were higher than those in T4 and the control;in fungi,the maximum value of T5 treatment was greater than T4 treatment,and the median was not significantly different from T4,and the smallest The value is greater than CK but less than T4,and the degree of dispersion is lower than T4 and CK.?2?Effects of different soil modifiers on peach growth:Compared with CK,the root volume of each modifier was significantly higher than that of the control,and the effect of T5was the most obvious,and root volume increased by 1.73 times.T4 and T5 treatments also significantly increased root surface area while T1,T2,and T3 treatments decreased surface area.The number of root bifurcations and number of apex of different treatments was the same as the surface area.Compared with CK,the blade SPDA value is highest at T4,followed by T5,and T1 is lowest.The net photosynthesis of T3,T4 and T5 gradually increased with the increase of treatment time within one week of treatment.Among them,the increase of T4treatment was the largest,which was 25.4%higher than the first day of treatment.Compared with CK,T3 had the most significant increase in soluble sugar content,followed by T5,and T1 had the lowest.The treatments with different modifiers increased the dry weight of the plants,of which the T5 treatment had the best effect,increasing 6.95%root dry weight,11.06%trunk dry weight,29.95%branch dry weight,and 61.61%leaf dry weight.It reached a significant level,and the T3 treatment effect was the worst.?3?¹⁵N absorption and utilization characteristics of strawberry with different concentrations of composite nano-silicon:The total ¹⁵N absorption and total ¹⁵N utilization rate of plants after composite nano-silicon application were significantly different from the control.After applying 0.5%and 1%composite nano-silicon,the plant ¹⁵N utilization rate was41.9%and 80.4%higher than that of the control,respectively,with significant differences.The effects of different concentrations of composite nano-silicon on Ndff in strawberry roots and leaves were different.The treatment with T1 in the root was the largest,70.7%higher than CK,and the treatment with 0.5%composite nano-silicon in the leaves was lower than the control,and the 1%treatment was better than the control.High,but the difference is not significant.The ¹⁵N fertilizer utilization rate of plants with different concentrations of composite nano-silicon was significantly higher than that of the control,which was 88.1%and56.4%higher in the roots than the control,respectively,and the highest treatment was 1%in the leaves,which was 97.9%higher than the control.The difference was significant.In the root,the ¹⁵N distribution rate was the highest with 0.5%treatment,which was significantly different from the control,1%treatment was lower than the control,and 1%treatment was the highest in the leaves,which was 9.7%higher than the control,and the difference was not significant.It indicated that 1%composite nano-silicon treatment significantly promoted the total ¹⁵N absorption and utilization of plants,while 0.5%treatment significantly promoted the¹⁵N absorption and utilization of roots,and 1%treatment significantly promoted ¹⁵N absorption and utilization of leaves.?4?Effects of different concentrations of composite nano-silicon on strawberry plant growth and nutrient content:Compared with CK,T2 treatment with 1%composite nano-silicon significantly increased strawberry net photosynthetic rate,by 15.3%.There was no significant change in chlorophyll content,but T2 treatment increased by 4.8%.The root dry weight of T1 and T2 treatments increased by 11%and 14.2%respectively compared with the control,the crown dry weight increased by 19.3%and 27.7%,and the total dry weight increased by 15%and 20.7%,respectively,which were significantly different from the control.T1 and T2 treatments reduced the root-shoot ratio,and there was no significant difference between treatments.