Response Strategies Of Birds To Disturbance

In recent years,the theory of anti-interference has been applied more and more in the study of avian ecology.The response strategies and mechanisms of birds to external disturbances were discussed from different perspectives.From October 2017 to September 2018,the feeding and habitat data of birds in Tiantong National Forest Park and its surrounding areas were collected.According to the response of birds to feeding mode,height,location and matrix,the influencing factors of birds response strategy in different seasons and different factors were classified by principal component analysis,so as to explore the seasonal variation of different birds in Tiantong area,and from the point of view of ecology niche.In order to understand the response and anti-interference mechanism of six families of Passeriformes to different types of interference,the FID?AD?BD differences of six families of Passeriformes were analyzed from the angle of position.The results are as follows:1 Influencing factors of bird response strategies to disturbancesPrincipal Component Analysis(PCA)was used to determine the differences of bird responses to different disturbances in 18 ecological factors.The results showed that the influencing factors of birds' coping strategies were divided into five categories.According to the feeding situation of birds,using cluster analysis method,the birds distributed in the park are divided into four feeding groups.Different feeding groups have different response strategies to interference.Ground feeding groups mainly adopt buffer mode,canopy and shrub feeding groups mainly adopt buffer or alert mode,and air feeding groups mainly adopt alert mode.2.Changes in bird response strategies to disturbancesAiming at the influencing factors of bird response strategies to disturbance,the relationship between bird self-factors,human disturbance,habitat and community characteristics and FID,AD and BD was analyzed by Spielman correlation analysis.The results showed that:Bird's own factors,AD and FID of birds were significantly correlated with wingspan,aspect ratio,minimum power velocity and wing load(p < 0.05).The correlation between BD and wingspan,wing area,aspect ratio,flapping frequency,minimum power velocity and wing load was significant(p < 0.05).FID and BD were positively correlated with body weight/body length and weight/wingspan ratio,but not with wing span/body length.Human interference factors,Artificial interference intensity was significantly correlated with FID(p < 0.05)in big tits,red-headed long-tailed tits,red-billed blue magpies,white-headed quails and chestnut-backed short-legged quails.There was a significant correlation between AD and human disturbance intensity(p < 0.05).Big tits,white-headed quails and chestnut-backed short-legged quails were found.The intensity of human disturbance was significantly correlated with the BD(p < 0.05)of red-billed blue magpie,chestnut-backed short-legged quail and white owl.Community characteristics,The FID of ten passerine species was significantly correlated with the size of the colony(p < 0.05)by Grey-orbited Sparrow and White-headed Sparrow.The AD of passerine birds was significantly correlated with the size of the colony(p < 0.05)by the red-headed long-tailed tits and white-headed quails.The BD of passerine birds was significantly correlated with the size of colony(p < 0.05)of big tits,white-headed parrots and tree parrots.The community diversity of white-headed quail,black quail and chestnut-backed short-legged quail were significantly correlated with FID(p < 0.05).The community diversity was significantly correlated with AD in Black quail(p < 0.05).Black quail(p < 0.05)was significantly correlated with bird BD.The community evenness was significantly correlated with FID in white-headed quails,black quails and chestnut-backed short-legged quails(p < 0.05).The community evenness was significantly correlated with AD in the grey-orbited sparrow and chestnut-backed short-legged quail(p <0.05).The community evenness was significantly correlated with bird BD in red-billed blue magpie,black quail and chestnut-backed short-legged quail(p < 0.05).The dominance was significantly correlated with FID of red-headed long-tailed tits,grey-orbited birds,black quails and chestnut-backed short-legged quails(p < 0.05),AD of grey-orbited birds and black quails was significantly correlated with community dominance(p < 0.05),and BD of red-billed blue magpies and black quails was significantly correlated with community dominance(p < 0.05).Richness was significantly correlated with FID of red-headed long-tailed tits,white-headed quails,chestnut-backed short-footed quails and black quails(p < 0.05),and AD of grey-orbited birds,black quails and chestnut-backed short-footed quails was significantly correlated with community richness,showing a positive correlation.The correlation between BD and community richness was significant(p < 0.05)in black quails.The correlation between AD and FID of white-headed quail and niche breadth was significant(p < 0.05).The BD of chestnut-backed short-footed quail was significantly correlated with niche breadth.The FID of red-headed long-tailed tit,white-headed quail and chestnut-backed short-footed quail was significantly correlated with temporal niche(p < 0.05).The AD of black quail and chestnut-backed short-footed quail was significantly correlated with temporal niche(p<0.05).There was a significant correlation between BD and temporal niche of Great Tit and Chestnut-backed Short-legged Quail(p<0.05).Habitat factors,FID of big tits,red-billed blue magpies,grey tree magpies and chestnut-backed short-legged quails were significantly correlated with plant canopy density Spielman(p < 0.05).The AD of red-headed long-tailed tits,grey-orbited sparrows,grey tree magpies and white-headed quails were significantly correlated with plant canopy density Spearman(p < 0.05).The BD of grey magpie chestnut-backed Grey Treepie was significantly correlated with plant canopy density Spielman(p < 0.05).FID of big tits,red-headed long-tailed tits,red-billed blue magpies and chestnut-backed short-legged quails was significantly correlated with plant concealment(p < 0.05).The AD of red-headed long-tailed tits,grey-tree magpies,chestnut-backed short-legged quails,white owls and tree parrots were significantly correlated with plant concealment(p < 0.05).The BDs of red-headed long-tailed tits,grey-tree magpies,chestnut-backed short-legged quails and white owls were significantly correlated with plant concealment(p < 0.05).3.Benefit and Risk Balance of Birds' Response Strategies to DisturbanceUnder the condition of resource balance,with the improvement of evenness,birds adopt buffer or alert mode,and BD and AD are shorter.When resources are not balanced,with the increase of dominance,shrub feeding groups adopt the alert mode,and AD is shorter.In the canopy feeding group,the large birds adopt the buffer mode,and the BD is longer.Medium-sized birds of canopy feeding group adopt the mode of buffering,alert and frightening.Canopy feeding group of small and medium-sized birds,take the way of startle,FID is shorter.In the case of superior space resources,the birds of ground feeding groups responded by warning or buffering,the brush feeding groups responded by warning,the large birds of canopy feeding groups responded by startling,and the small and medium birds of canopy feeding groups responded by buffering or warning.