| Ningbo is located in the area of inshore hill in eastern China, its zonal vegetation is typical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The long time of human activities, especially the port-economy expanded fast in the past century and the cities developed fast, resulted in massive degraded vegetation, and formed a pattern that degraded vegetation distributed as the main part with the evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) scattered in. The human activities mainly included many types of disturbance, such as entirely-lopped, gatherred firewoods, quarried, agro-cultivate and so on. After the investigation of these degraded communities and the arrangement of some existing data, we compared the community characters among these degraded communities, and wanted to search how the disturbance type effects the characters of degraded communities. Finally, we analysed some degraded communities in special habitats, and studied how some factors, such as disturbance frequency and seed sources, influenced the vegetation restoration. Based on these works, we reached 5 conclusions as follows:(1) After TWNSPAN cluster analysis and DCA ordination analysis of 45 degraded communities in different disturbance types, the results showed that the distance between the degraded community and EBLF can be revealed in the cluster dendrogram and the ordination graph. Gaps and sprouting communities which happened in EBLF can distinctly cluster to one class, and the artificial Cunninghamia lanceolata communities were also clustered to one class, but the result of the other degraded communities with barren seed sources and suffering continually disturbance was very unperfect. Furthermore, because of different restored ages, the degraded communities with the same disturbance type distributed with some laws in cluster and ordination graph. Those results show cluster and ordination analysis is a predictable method to study the relation among degraded communities.(2)Including gaps, sprouting communities, artificial Cunninghamia lanceolata communities, sustainable disturbance secondary forest, abandoned quarries communities, firebreak communities and abandoned cropland communities, these seven types degraded communities were selected for father study. Comparing with the mature EBLF, their height and coverage of each layer and species composition were obviously degraded. Except gaps, the erect woody plants density of each degraded communities was bigger under the more disturbance intensity, the biodiversityindexes and species richness of herbage and liane had the similar variety. However, the result that species richness of erect woody plants in degraded communities was higher than in mature EBLF was only happened in artificial Cunninghamia lanceolata communities.(3)After studied for the growth-form spectrum of each degraded community, the results showed that the growth-form spectrum among all communities was very similar(r>0.9,P<0.01), but the abandoned cropland community was excepted. Abandoned cropland community had midding similarity with sustainable disturbance secondary forest or firebreak communities. Compared the Raunkiaer life-form spectrum among all degraded communities, it was a clear difference between proportion of evergreen-phanerophytes(Eph) and deciduous phanerophytes(Dph). According to the different leaf characteristics, erect woody plants were classified to different plant functional groups(PFGs). The analysis results of PFGs showed the correlation between gaps and sprouting communities was very high(r=0.999,p<0.01), and they both had midding correlation with mature EBLF. Moreover, the correlation was also high(r=0.933, p<0.01) between firebreak communities and abandoned quarries communities. However, the result that had a high correlation(r=0.753,p<0.05) between artificial Cunninghamia lanceolata communities and mature EBLF was unideal. It showed this means of classified PFGs was also defective.(4)The soil physical and chemical indexes of five degraded communities , including sprouting communities, artificial Cunninghamia lanceolata communities, abandoned quarries communities, firebreak communities and abandoned cropland communities, were less barren than them of mature EBLF, but the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in abandoned cropland and firebreak communities were excepted. The content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in abandoned cropland was higher than the other communities, but the content of total nitrogen in firebreak communities was the lowest among all communities. The temperature and water content of soil or air were different among five communities, and the studied results accorded with the predicted habitats of each community. However, the difference of air humidity among all communities was unobvious.(5)we researched two abandoned quarries communities that had extreme different habitats. Although they had many very similar characters, such as the amount of families and genera and species, diversity indexes of families and genera, species richness, their speices composition was very distinct. Especially on the amount ofregenerative seedlings, the park abandoned quarry community (PAQC) had more species than the tea garden abandoned quarry community (TAQC). For having more richer evergreen species seed resource, the proportion of Eph in PAQC was more than it in TAQC, but the proportion of Dph in PAQC was less than it in TAQC. The proportion of berry, drupe, nut and capsule were both high in two quarries. And the proportion of berry, capsule and achene were higher in TAQC, but the proportion of nut, drupe and aggregate fruits was higher in PAQC. It showed that the proportion of anemophilous plants and ornithochore was bigger in some degraded communities with barren seeds sources.
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