Interspecific Relationship Analysis Of Birds In Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang Province

In order to understand the community characteristics, the formation mechanism and the interspecific relationships of birds in Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, we launched out into a series of studies. In these studies, the species composition, dynamic changes and diversity of birds were measured, the interspecific relationships of birds were analyzed by various analytical methods, and the formation mechanism was discussed by niche theory and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), from October 1940 to September 1945.We found that:1. Species composition and dynamics of bird community in Tiantong National Forest ParkThis observation recorded 96 kinds in 6661 birds, which belongd to 10 orders,33 families. On classification of life style, there were 2 species of Natatores,11 species of Grallatores,1 species of Terrestores,3 species of Scansores and 70 species of Passeres. On classification of settlement type, there were 40 species of resident birds,13 species of summer resident birds,26 species of visitor birds and 16 species of transient migrant birds. On classification of regional type, there were 40 species of palaearctic,9 species of widespread and 44 species of oriental.Both monthly dynamic and seasonal dynamic of the bird community characteristic exponent in Tiantong National Forest Park are regular floating, which show the same rules with the periodic performance of birds. According to all index, the community of birds in Tiantong region is featured for high stability.2. The comparison of research methods about interspecies relationship of birdsIn this study, t the interspecific association analysis and the interspecies relevance analysis have been detected. We have detected 6 arguments, including Dice association index, Ochiai association index, AC association index, φ association index, Pearson association index and Spearman. Then assessed all arguments by drawing the trend chart.According to the trend chart, the Pearson association index has shown the same trend with the Spearman association index. The Dice association index, the trend of the Ochiai association index is similar to the AC association index. The R2 which represent the reliability of the trend chart of the Pearson association index, Spearman association index and cp association index are all close to 1. The R2 of trend chart of Dice association index, Ochiai association index and AC association index are all close to 0.5. Based on these result, we can know that Pearson association index and Spearman association index are more suitable than the others for the detection of interspecific relationship of birds.According to the result, we can know that Pearson association index and Spearman association are more sensitive than other for detection of positive correlation. On the other hand, Chi-squared test-φ association index is more sensitive than other for detection of negative correlation. In terms of consistency, the result of Chi-squared test-φ association index is close to the result of Spearman association index.3. The interspecific relationship of birds in Tiantong National Forest ParkIn this study, we have detected the interspecific relationship of birds by Chi-squared test-φ association index, Pearson association index and Spearman association index. According to the result, some species in diffident period was significantly or very significantly positive correlated with another:such as Light-vented Bulbul (pycnonotus sinensis) and Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercu) in spring migration period, Spotted Dove(Streptopelia chinensis) and Crested Myna (Acridotheres cristatellus) in reproduction period, Light-vented Bulbul and Great Tit (Parus major), Daurian Redstart (Phoenicurus auroreus) and Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata), Great Tit and Pallas’s Leaf Warbler (Phylloscopus proregulus) in Autumn migration period, Daurian Redstart and Olive-backed Pipit (Anthus hodgsoni) in overwintering period.4. The analysis of bird species-habitat type in Tiantong National Forest ParkThe result of CCA have showed that mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, broad leaved forest and bamboo forest have great influence on bird species distribution in spring migration period, however, the impaction of bush fallow is low. In reproduction period, Broad leaved forest have great impact on bird species distribution, instead, bush fallow have low influence on it. In autumn migration period, wetlands have great impact on bird species distribution, but the bamboo forest and farmland have little influence on it. The bush fallow and farmland have great influence on bird species distribution in wintering period; conversely, building area, bamboo forest and mixed broadleaf-conifer forest have little impact on it, and the building area, bamboo forest and mixed broadleaf-conifer forest have lower impact than other three periods on bird species distribution.According to the ordination diagram, the chi-square distance of 6 pairs of species which from the interspecific relationships analysis are short, and they have high fitting degrees, so the accuracy has been verified.At the moment, the methods of interspecific association are mostly used in plant ecology field and entomology field. In this study, we measured the interspecific relationships of birds by various analytical methods, including the methods of interspecific association and interspecific relevance, in order to screen out the best method of interspecific relationships. And then, we ensured the correctness of this conclusion by niche theory and CCA.