Experimental Analysis Of Biological Cell Morphological Rapid Detection Based On Edge Extraction Of Optical Phase Information

A Cell is the basic unit of biological tissue to complete life activities.The study on cell character has always been one of the hotspots of life science and clinical medicine.Microscopical techniques are powerful tools for researchers to study cells.Quantitative phase imaging(QPI)has attracted much attention because of its advantages of non-invasive,real-time quantifiable imaging of intact living cells.However,the direct result obtained by QPI is a phase shift distribution of the sample in one incident direction of light.The phase shift is coupled by physical thickness and refractive index information of a sample and the physical thickness should be extracted from phase information by some algorithms.In order to obtain high reconstruction precision,most of the 3D reconstruction algorithms need long time or large data.Thus,it is difficult to achieve real-time acquisition of cell morphology.Rapid extraction methods of morphological structural features of different samples are demanded by many areas of life sciences,such as clinical classification recognition.Therefore,it is important that the projection distribution of the morphological structure of the sample can be obtained by simple calculation such as edge detection.Whatever,the experimental data are the basis of the next computational analysis.The sampling scheme of experimental data has an important influence on the analysis results.However,most research focuses on various algorithms or the design of experimental devices,the exploration of experimental sampling schemes is comparatively rare.In this paper,the edge detection method is used to obtain sample structure information in the detection of sample morphology and structure.On the basis of theoretical analysis,the imaging experiments were designed around samples with different morphological and structural complexity.Then,the phase data of sample are processed and analyzed by different calculation methods and sampling schemes,and the morphological characteristics of the samples are extracted from the analyzed data of samples.Compare the sampling results obtained under different analyzed methods.Based on the theory of phase imaging and detection mechanism,the causes of variouserrors are analyzed,and the applicable sampling schemes for different types of samples are given.In order to detect the dynamic activity of cell,the change of intracellular ion concentration of a neuron during its firing activity is taken as the prototype in this paper.And the phase imaging experiment is designed to simulate this process.The experiment is that the change of cytosol concentration was detected and characterized by optical phase measurement.Due to the different purposes between the detection of dynamic activity and morphological structure,the scheme of data sampling is optimized.And the experimental results show that the sampling scheme is feasible and accurate.Based on the principle of interference microscopy,an axially adjustable common-path interference microscopy system is proposed and constructed in this paper.The microscopy system can realize coaxial,off-axis and slightly off-axis interference imaging via adjusting the angle between the spectroscopic prism and the optical axis.The common-path configuration is helpful to improve the anti-noise ability of the system.Moreover,the number of components used in the system is less,which can reduce the cost and the error introduced by optical elements.Based on the experiment of quantitative phase imaging,this paper mainly focuses on the sampling scheme of the static structure and dynamic activity detection.What's more,a optical design of interferometer is proposed.The research in this paper could provide a reference for optical detection technology to study biological cells.