Characterization Of Biological Cell Morphological And Dynamical Characteristics Based On Optical Phase Gradient Analysis

The cell is the basic unit of biology,and its state is related to the health of the whole organism.With the concept of "precision medicine," the research on the basic unit cells of organisms has received more attention.Due to the colorless and transparent essence of cells,traditional optical microscopy has been difficult to image.With the development of imaging technology and computer technology,quantitative phase microscopy has been widely applied to the research of life sciences.Many achievements have been made in the study of the morphological characteristics of biological cells.Studies on homogenous cells,such as red blood cells,have become well developed,and studies on heterogeneous cells are still underway.Some results have been obtained for the three-dimensional refractive index distribution of heterogeneous cells,but the morphological characteristics of nucleated cells with complex morphological structures have yet to be developed.At the same time,the application of quantitative phase imaging technology such as a non-destructive label-free detection technology to the dynamic behavior of biological cells is rare.In this paper,the phase gradient method based on quantitative phase imaging technology is introduced.From the analysis of the morphological characteristics of the heterogeneous simulation model to the experimental verification of the morphological characteristics of the homogeneous polystyrene sphere,it is proved that this method can quickly analyze the morphological characteristics of the sample.,And has good noise immunity.When using this method to analyze biological cell experimental data,it is difficult to directly and clearly observe the characteristics of the morphological structure of the sample.Laplacian and gradient modulus squares are used to directly observe the morphology of the sample.However,when quantifying the morphological structure of a sample,the phase gradient method has its specific advantages.Taking into account the effect of experimental noise on biological cell samples,median filter processing experimental data was used,and the results were found to be unfavorable for obtaining the fine structure of cell samples.Aiming at the advantages of phase gradient method in extracting the morphological structure of cell samples,a rapid phase gradient-based morphology extraction method for biological cells was proposed.Based on the phase diagrams of neuron model and red blood cell model,their morphological structures and models were extracted in real time,it is in good agreement with the model.This method can be used for rapid classification of biological cells.For neurons with more complex morphological structure,based on the intrinsic relationship between ion concentration and refractive index in discharge activity,and the corresponding relationship between refractive index and optical phase,the discharge activity of neurons was simulated based on quantitative phase imaging technology.Using the phase gradient method,the sampling points of the neuron model were selected,and the change of the phase value and the refractive index of the neuron model during discharge was quantitatively and intuitively displayed in the form of a line graph at the sampling point to study the neurons.This study provides a good idea and method for studying the dynamic behavior of neurons and even the transmembrane movement of ions in other kinds of samples.