Analyse On Genetic Structure And Diversity Of The Introduced Reindeer(Rangifer Tarandus)Population

Reindeer(Rangifer tarandus)are a type of arctic animal,widely distributed around the Arctic Circle.In China,reindeer are only distributed in the northwest of the greater hinggan mountains,domesticated by Ewenki hunters.The reindeer is an important carrier of the Ewenki national deer culture and an important brand of the Genhe tourism industry.It has high economic value and extremely important ecological value.Due to the interference of human activities,long-term inbreeding,extensive breeding and management,and the occurrence of animal diseases and diseases,the population has been hovering around 600,so the survival condition and environment of reindeer in China are extremely worrying.In view of this severe situation,based on the consideration of restoring and improving the reindeer population in China,the Genhe Forestry Bureau,with the support of major science and technology support projects in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,introduced reindeer populations from Finland in February 2017 and February 2018.The aim is to improve the genetic quality of domestic reindeer through introduction,enrich the genetic diversity of the population,and fundamentally get rid of the endangered status of Chinese reindeer population.However,the introduction of reindeer has no pedigree,kinship,population genetic structure and diversity are unclear.Therefore,in order to comprehensively evaluate the genetic structure and diversity of the introduced population,this study used mitochondrial DNA D-Loop sequences and microsatellite technology to analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity of 129 introduced reindeer populations,which provided a scientific reference for rational utilization of the introduced reindeer population resources in the future.The results are as follows:1.14 well-amplified and highly polymorphic loci were screened from 19 microsatellite loci,and 128 alleles were detected.The average number of alleles was 9.1429,and the mean observed heterozygosity(Ho)and expected heterozygosity(He)were 0.4833 and 0.7121,respectively.Nine of the 14 microsatellite loci significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg(HW)equilibrium,and the Ewens-Watterson neutral test showed that the observed F values for all loci were within the 95%confidence interval and both were greater than 0,both of which belonged to Sexual site.2.The mitochondrial DNA D-Loop sequence containing 473 nucleotides was obtained by sequencing,and the nucleotide diversity(Pi)was 0.01022,and the average nucleotide difference(k)was 4.834.The analysis found that there were 9 haplotypes in the introduced reindeer population,and the haplotype(gene)diversity(Hd)was 0.611.3.The phylogenetic tree was constructed by introducing the reindeer population by the neighboring method(NJ).The genetic distance distribution between the individuals in the population ranged from 0 to 0.03,and the average genetic distance was 0.011.The total aggregate of the introduced population was divided into three branches,of which c had the largest number of individuals.Most of the A1-A29 individuals introduced in 2017 were clustered in the c branch.4.Compared with the existing domestic reindeer populations,the evolutionary relationship between the introduced population and the Chinese reindeer population is far.The average allele number and haplotype diversity(n=9.1;Hd=0.611)of the introduced reindeer population were higher than the domestic reindeer population(n=7.7;Hd=0.468),and its polymorphic information content(PIC=0.675)was slightly lower than the domestic reindeer population(PIC=0.701).