Chinese Reindeer Area Bryophyte Diversity And Ecological Impact Of Reindeer Habitat Communities

China reindeer area in our country is only distributed in Aoluguya Evenki National Autonomous Township of northern Da Hinggan Mountains in inner Mongolia,which is the only caribou populations. In winter, the reindeer is mainly mosses and lichens for food, in summer mainly to plant leaves and dwarf shrubs for food. At present,due to the human inpact and reindeer own inbreeding factor, the annual number of reindeer population showed a decreasing trend. Analysis the area of bryophyte species diversity, on the one hand, can increase the richness of higher plant species in this region, and on the other hand,could make the corresponding protection policy from the ecological point of view, which is through the investigation of the bryophytes and the number of species in the region, and also analysis the main factors which affects the distribution of the bryophytes in ecological. In this paper, the following conclusions are drawn from the survey and analysis:(1)Bryophytes of reindeer in the area, "Moss Flora of Inner Mongolia" recorded 85 genera and 39 families 182 kinds, identified a total of 22 families,30 genera and 59 kinds of bryophytes; with the new increase compared to the previous five families,10 genera 29 kinds of moss plants.(2) Investigation bryophytes family, genus larger number of single case of families, single families and single species rich, single families belong to 14 families,63.64% of the total number of families; single department were 7 families, accounting department 31.82% of the number; 56.67% single species of 17 genera, total genera. The dominant families are:gray Musci (Hypnaceae) 4 genera Brachytheciaceae (Brachytheciaceae) 3 genera,13% of the total number of genera,10%. Absolute advantage for the survey area belongs to the genus Dicranum (Dicranum),12 species, accounting for 20.34% the total number of species survey, China accounted for 35.29 percent belong Dicranum bryophytes, representing Inner Mongolia Dicranum genus bryophytes 80%.(3) The reindeer moss plant area is divided into eight geographical elements, north temperate largest proportion, nearly half of the total number of species of 49.15%; followed by the cosmopolitan composition, 30.51% of the total number of species, China-East Asia, Japan and Central Arctic ingredient component percentage, as were 5.08% of the total number of species, the East Siberia-Japan and the Pan-Arctic ingredients are 3.39% of the total number of species in East Asia-North America and tropical Asian ingredients 1.69% average of the total number of species.(4)Through the reindeer area and waste recovery sets raising area of bryophytes species richness index analysis, set a reindeer area bryophytes species richness index is 0.224, the recovery of waste collection raising area of bryophytes species, species richness index was 0.293, Species richness waste recovery set support area was significantly higher than reindeer moss plant set fed region.(5)The similarity coefficient of Kroeber's between the reindeer and the non-reindeer gathering area is 0.764,which is very similar.The similarity coefficient of Spresen in the area and the non-reindeer collection area is 0.533, and the similarity of the species is extremely high.(6) China reindeer moss plants Pleurozium schreberis and Cladonia rangiferina biomass,respectively for5.763g/100cm2 and 10.389 g/100cm2. Average daily feed intake of 2.5kg per head,winter (180 days) the amount of food intake was 450kg. Cladonia rangiferina can carry 4.6 x 106 reindeer and Pleurozium schreberis can carry 2.2 x 106 reindeer, Aulacomnium palustre can carry 5.0×10 reindeer, Dicranum scoparium can bearing 6.8 x 104 reindeer and Polytrichum juniperinum can carrying 2.5 x 104 reindeer. Preliminary statistics show that the region can provide food for at least 1461860 reindeer.(7) By SAS 9.0 software analysis and coverage differences between the two caribou populations set to raise the region bryophytes was not significant (P> 0.05), cover the difference bush was not significant (P> 0.05), while the coverage differences lichens significantly (P<0.001). It can be seen, the current cover of mosses and shrubs reindeer in the region did not have a significant impact on the growth of moss plants and shrubs and not because reindeer feed presented especially significant changes. The main factors that feed mainly affected reindeer lichen, lichens cover change directly affects the reindeer range of activities, is set to raise reindeer population migration zone.