| The underground pipelines as a part of the city.It is one of the infrastructures of the city.It is partly above the ground and part below the ground.For the visible part,whether from the maintenance point of view or the construction point of view,it is easier to manage and construct.The underground part,as an invisible part,is also very important.Underground pipelines include drainage,water supply,gas,heat,electricity,communications and many other categories.It is a great significance to find out the spatial position information and attribute information of underground pipelines for the development of the city.This not only reduces repeated detection and measurement,but also reduces the amount of labor.According to the pipeline drawings,all kinds of attributes of underground pipeline can be clearly judged.Damage can be avoided in the process of re-construction.It can also be laid again according to the number of underground pipelines.For this invisible pipeline,we think of a way to mark them on the ground accurately,and then store them in the computer system to facilitate access to datas.The general survey and measure of underground pipelines is also a part of the development of Modern cities,and it is also an important basic work.It plays an important role in the construction,arrangement and planning,builds a digital city and maintains the transportation of underground information and resources,it is a long-term significance to ensure the people's life and production.Unified management of underground pipelines,integration of static information into dynamic management,real-time dynamic supervision,and then eliminate the burst of tap water pipeline in the construction process,natural gas pipeline leakage,underground cables,wires and communication lines,the fuel pipe was dug by mistake and so on.The main reasons for the various situations are the lack of first-hand information on the distribution of underground pipelines.,or the information is too old,it has not been updated in time for a long time,which seriously restricts the development of economy and endangers the life of the people,the safety of life and property.Therefore,through some methods,we should combine all kinds of information of underground pipelines by means of detection and measurement,and draw them into drawings for future use.This paper takes the research area of "Survey of Underground Pipeline Network in Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County" as the object,cooperate with geophysical exploration methods and means of measurement,from the start to the completion of the process,especially for the part of the underground pipeline,the geophysical methods for different kinds of pipelines are explained,the selection of Geophysical Prospecting Instruments and equipment and the problems needing attention in the course of Detection.In the aspect of measurement,explained the process of the whole working area of basic control measurement,the chart root control measurement and the broken point measurement,the study of the elevation measurement methods,and through the second layout of the control network,the datas comparison and inspection are carried out.concluded that the GNSS-RTK model can also meet the needs of engineering accuracy and measure the broken points at the same time,and then improve the efficiency of the work.The main research results are as follows:(1)In the part of control measurement,according to the size of the research area and the requirements of the required accuracy grade,the accuracy level suitable for the control measurement is reasonably selected,the appropriate area is selected to establish the control network.First,according to the image map or topographic map,it is necessary to mark the point position of the control point in the right place and carry out the field investigation to find out whether the control point is in accordance with the design of the control point.Therefore,in the study area,we set up six basic control points evenly distributed around the survey area,and observed according to the requirements of the D-level GNSS control network.At the same time,the plane coordinate data and WGS-84 coordinate data of the current control point are automatically recorded in the report,and the collected data are recorded.Finally,the error,qualified points,qualified rate and other information are counted,It is concluded that these six basic control points are available.Secondly,the map and control points are arranged,and a pair of root control points which can be viewed from each other are arranged every one hundred to two hundred meters on both sides of the main street,and the root control points can be directly used for the measurement of pipeline points.(2)In the process of elevation measurement,the basic control points and the root control points are connected in series according to the national fourth grade leveling points,and the data are sorted out,after the end of the field leveling work.The datas for internal industry arrangement and adjustment calculation,One is to carry on the automatic adjustment through the DINI03 digital level,the other is to carry on the leveling line adjustment through Tsinghua three-dimensional NSERW2003 software.The adjustment results obtained by two different adjustment methods are consistent,the purpose is to check the adjustment results with each other.The advantages of DINI03 digital leveling are fast and high efficiency,while the advantage of software adjustment is that we can derive the data of adjustment process and analyze,for example,basic accuracy,closure information and elevation point error.Information such as error between elevation points.In order to ensure the accuracy of pipeline survey requirements.(3)In the process of surveying,we study whether it is possible to measure the elevation by GNSS instead of external leveling in a small area,Measurement of 3D coordinates of arbitrary points by GNSS.Compared with the total station trigonometric leveling method instead of the collection of broken points,it will save time.After setting up the control network twice in the experimental area and analyzing its precision residual,Sixty seven uniformly distributed obvious pipeline points and hidden pipeline points are selected in the region,in which the hidden pipeline points have been marked on the ground by geophysical exploration.and the three-dimensional coordinates measured by GNSS method are compared with the three-dimensional coordinates measured by the total station method for the first time.The difference between the two 3D coordinates is calculated and the same precision is carried out,the result has good accurancy,it can be used for the collection of broken points.If the signal is not good,it can be measured by total station,and the two methods cooperate with each other to complete the measurement task quickly.(4)In the study area,We count the workload,a total of 11850 pipeline points were explored and measured,and the total length of the exploration pipeline was 302.223 km,in which the length of the detected water pipeline was 66.649 km,the length of the drainage pipeline was 82.828 km,and the length of the gas pipeline was 15.039 km.The length of thermal pipeline is 67.059 km,the length of power pipeline is 12.474 km,and the length of communication pipeline is 58.174 km.the underground pipeline map is divided by 1 × 500 scale of 50 cm × 50 cm,A total of 78 integrated pipe maps were drawn and a comprehensive underground pipe map was drawn. |
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