On Marcuse's Criticism Of Technical Rationality From The Perspective Of Marxism Materialist Conception Of History

Marcuse is one of the representatives of the Frankfurt School and he proposed his criticism of technical rationality,mainly embodying a critical and reasonable thought,which was put forward,developed and made into a mature theory under the influence of Marxist thoughts and theories and others related.Marcuse tried to revert human nature and reconstruct a two-dimensional society through showing care for one-dimension people,being deprived of negative and critical thoughts,and criticizing the overall alienation phenomenon in the highly-developed Capitalist country.Theoretically,the term one-dimension is a counterpart of multi-dimension,but according to Marcuse's thought,multi-dimension is equal to double-dimension,namely,positive mind and negative mind.In the developed industrial society,rapidly-developed science and technology,together with mechanization and automation that were propelled by the advancement of science and technology,deprived people of their second perspective of thinking,that is,their rights to negate criticize and exceed what they didn't accept.All of their negative thoughts and activities,including mental and physical protest to the Capitalist rule,were defined as centrifugal force harmful to the society,and thus were cruelly cracked down and restrained,which leading to the deviation from humanism and people's lost of their subjective in the society.Currently,researches on Marcuse's thoughts within China are mainly focusing on its contents and enlightening effects,while this paper tries to reexamine his criticism of technical rationality from the perspective of Marxism materialist conception of history,analyzing its shortcomings and exploring its referential values for the development of Marxism.After China has entered into the new era,it is beneficial theoretically and practically to conduct researches on Marcuse's criticism of technical rationality.On the one hand,technology theories are an indispensible part in the process of constructing socialist theories with Chinese characteristics and the developing Marxist theories.On the other hand,since science and technology are the first productive forces whose development needs the directing of correct theories within this field,reviewing Marcuse's theories is practically necessary to carry out the new principles of innovative,coordinated,green,open,and shared development in the process of serving the Chinese,which will further improve our political,economic,cultural and military forces and so on and also make China's development benefit the whole world.This paper is made up of five chapters.The first chapter is an introduction of the research backgrounds,values of the study within this paper and research methods and so on.The second chapter mainly elaborates the historical circumstances,and theoretical origins.The third chapter states Marcuse's criticism of technical rationality systemically and completely from three aspects,the main contents of the thought,the social problems caused by technical rationality and Marcuse's attempts to free people from technical rational control.In the fourth chapter,the theory is analyzed and evaluated from the following aspects,internal logic,rationality and limitations on the basis of Marxism materialist conception of history.In the last chapter,the enlightening meanings of Marcuse's criticism of technical rationality on the progress of science and technology of China in the new age are analyzed and propose from the view of materialist conception of history.