Investigation Of Main Insects On Tea Tree In Shandong Province And Biological Characteristics And Control Measures Of Neovulturnus Testacea Kuoh

There are 54 species insect pests and mites in Shandong province tea gardens,belonging to 32 families,6 orders and 2 classes.The main pests include Empoasca onukii,Aleurocanthus spiniferus,Lygus lucorum,Neovulturnus testacea,Toxoptera aurantii,Acaphylla theae,Ceroplastes ceriferus,Caloptilia theivora,Thosea sinensis,Scopula subpunctaria,etc.There are 23 species of natural enemies in tea gardens,belonging to 11 families,6 orders and 2 classes.The main insect natural enemies are Chrysoperla sinica,Chrysopa pallens,Harmonia axyridis and Propylaea japonica and so on.Neovulturnus testacea Kuoh(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)is a newly discovered pest which do harm to the tea plant in many tea areas of Shandong province in recent years.There are 3peaks of N.testacea in a year,and the small peak from early April to early May was the overwintering generation eclosion adults.The peak of the first generation adults was from mid May to early June.The peak of the second generation adults occurred in the early July to the middle August,and at this time,the occurrence of N.testacea in tea garden is the largest and most dangerous.The 3rd nymphs of N.testacea entered the winter in late October in tea gardens of Shandong province.The biological study of N.testacea in tea garden from July to September showed that the egg period was 16.29 d,the nymph period was 32.58 d,the average life span of female adult was 35.83 d,and 25.59 d of the male adult.The average fecundity of N.testacea female was37.39.The period can be divided according to the length of the nymph and the exposure of the wing buds,and the sex of the adult can be identified according to the body length and body color of the leafhopper.The adults need nutritional supplements before oviposit.The egg single particle is produced in the upper epidermis of the middle and upper leaves of the tea tree,and the oval convex can be seen in the initial production.With the development of the egg,the color of the spawning mark gradually becomes dark brown.N.testacea adults and nymphs inhabit on veins of the the frontal leaves.They often hide in the shadow or back of the leaves at noon.The adult are good at flying and jumping,has the strong tendercy to tender leaves,litht,and sensitive to yellow light.The adults and nymphs mainly suck the tender shoots,buds,and leaves of the tea tree.The damage may cause holesin the young shoots and buds at the initial stage.After the shoots and buds are unfolded,irregular cavities will form on the leaves and gradually turns to yellow-brown and there are knobs around the hole,which affecting the yield and quality of the tea.In the tea garden,0.5% veratrine AS and 10% bifenthrin cream EC were used to control N.testacea.The effectiveness of 0.5% veratrine AS 400 times liquid is better than 10%bifenthrin EC 3000 time solution.So veratrine alkali solution is the good bio-pesticide for green production.It can be extended and applied in the control of N.testacea in the tea garden.