Relationship Between Neolithic Cultural Evolution And Climate Change In Fenhe River Basin During Middle Holocene

The study of the relationship between the evolution of Neolithic culture and climate change since the mid-Holocene has become an important part of the study of the relationship between the earth and the earth.The middle Holocene is the warmest stage of the Holocene,which is of great significance to the formation and development of Neolithic culture.Fenhe River Basin is situated between the nomadic grassland in the north and the farming in the warm and humid Central Plains.The basin is relatively narrow in the north and south,and is hostage by mountains in the East and west.It is one of the regions with rich Neolithic cultural relics in China and sensitive to climate change.In this paper,the basin is taken as the research area,and a large number of archaeological documents are counted.By using ArcGIS 10.3 and other related analysis software,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of Neolithic cultural sites in the basin are analyzed,and the relationship between regional cultural evolution and geographical environment is discussed.Based on the records of climate and environment evolution,the laws of the occurrence,development and decline of regional civilization are understood from the perspective of geographical environment,and the theory of ecological slope is put forward to explain the relationship between man and land on the time scale of watershed.This paper focuses on the impact of climate and environmental changes on the evolution of human culture in the Fenhe River Basin in the mid-Holocene and its driving mechanism,as well as the response mechanism of the distribution of sites at different elevations in different regions of the ecological slope to climate change.Preliminary conclusions are as follows:(1)The geographical environmental factors affecting the distribution of Neolithic cultural settlements in the Fenhe River Basin can be roughly summarized as five factors: altitude,slope,slope direction,topographic fluctuation and river system.In the mid-Holocene,the distribution of paleo-human sites tended to be as follows:mostlyconcentrated at 351-660 m altitude,90-270 degrees(southeast-south-southwest),gentle slopes with 0-7 degrees,topographic fluctuations below 1014 m and within 500 meters of 1-3 River courses.(2)Under the relatively suitable environment of the Middle Holocene,the sequence of Yangshao Culture(7000-5000 a B.P)-Miaodigou Second Phase Culture(5000-4400 a B.P)-Longshan Culture(4600-4000 a B.P)-Erlitou Culture(4000-3500 a B.P)was developed in the Fenhe River Basin.In the mid-Holocene period of the strongest summer monsoon,7800-5300 aB.P.corresponding to the Yangshao culture period,the invention of agricultural technology made the Yangshao cultural relics expand to the northwest arid areas,and the regional culture entered the peak stage.However,with the gradual shrinkage of the summer monsoon,to the second stage of Miaodigou culture period of Yangshao culture(5000-4400 a B.P),the regional cultural relics began to be relatively suitable to the climate.The southeastern region of Yangshao declined,and Yangshao culture gradually declined.Entering the Longshan cultural period of copper and stone,the climate has deteriorated significantly,but the improvement of production technology has enabled human beings to survive in relatively harsh environment.Compared with the previous Miaodigou cultural period,the human cultural relics have spread significantly to the Northwest inland.However,with the deterioration of climate,regional culture has also experienced a retreat trend from Northwest to southeast.(3)According to the theory of ecological slope,the Fenhe River Basin is mainly located in the slope area and the foothill area of the ecological slope,which correspond roughly to the annual precipitation area of 300-600 mm and 600-800 mm,respectively.On the ecological slope,human response to climate change is sensitive and unique.In the suitable climate period,the paleo-human may expand to the northwest inland along the ecological slope,and regional culture will prosper in stages;in the worsening climate,the paleo-human will retreat in the Southeast direction,and the regional culture will decline relatively.At the same time,the improvement of production technology will also play a role in how this regional culture responds to climate change.