Challenges Facing Implementation Of Integrated Coastal Zone Management(ICZM): A Case Study Of Zanzibar Island, Tanzania

The study examined the challenges facing implementation of Zanzibar integrated coastal zone management(ICZM).Data were collected through review of different related documents and through questionnaire and key informant interviews.Microsoft excel version 2016 were used to analyze quantitative data.Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data.The study revealed that,the coastal zone of Zanzibar has a tremendous impacts on the economy of the islands because,Zanzibar coastal communities are complicatedly linked to their natural environment and resources in which more than half of the population live in villages where their settlements are located within the boundaries of the coastal area or very close to it,indeed these coastal communities depend on traditional activities such as fishing,mangrove cutting(for building poles,charcoal making),lime and rope making in order to their sustenance daily life.The study indicated that,improper monitoring,controlling and surveillance on marine and coastal resources,less new job opportunities for youth,poverty of the entire community,inadequate financial support,inappropriate flow of information,weak enforcenent for management of marine and coastal resources and lack of spatial planning and week existing Zanzibar National ICM Strategies and Action have play a great role to less effective management of the Zanzibar ICZM.The study also noted that,in achieving the effectiveness of the Zanzibar ICZM,it is necessarily to have an appropriate involvement of relevant stakeholders with effective integration with decision makers at all levels of the organizations,legal framework/documents,skilled personnel,sufficient public education and awareness.The study concludes that;the noted challenges could be encountered through involving stakeholders in all ICZM planning stage to implementation,considering the participatory execution of the ICM,emphasize the improvement of the public capacity building,public awareness,domestic resource mobilization,investment,fiscal discipline of the highest level,and official development assistance,establishing collaborative environmental database center for dissemination of information on coastal,marine environment and resources management,encourage the use of indigenous resource management knowledge and skills and incorporate it into conservation practices and improve and promote village collaborative networks on resource use conservation and cross visits.