| A large amount of accumulation is easy to cause a series of problems such as environmental pollution and ecological destruction.Therefore,it is imminent to govern the coal waste pile.At present,the main way to control the coal waste pile in China is to afforesting the vegetation after bulldozing andcovering the soil.However,there are many problems in the "reconstituted soil",such as insufficient nutrients and poor structure,making the soil quality be affected.Therefore,it is the key to evaluate the quality of the soil of the vegetation type of the coal waste pile.Soil microbes and enzymes can reflect changes of soil quality in time,so investigating the varied characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties,microbial communities and enzyme activities and its influencing factorsis important to find out the change of soil quality in coal waste pile.In this paper,the farmland(AL),the orchard(PO)and the grassland(GL)were studied for 5 years in the reclamation of the Cao village mining area of Huozhou in Shanxi,and the Farmland of original appearance near the coal waste pile was taken as the control(CK),analyzing the differences of soil physical and chemical properties,soil microorganism and enzyme activity and the main influencing factors of soil layer 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers in 3 kinds of reclamation pattern plots.The main results were as follows:(1)From physical and chemical properties of soil under 3 types of reclaimed land,In the 0-10 cm soil layer,the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen was shown that AL and GL were higher than PO,the total potassium and organic matter were shown that AL was higher than PO and GL,and their residual physical and chemical properties generally were shown that Al and PO were higher than GL.However,in the 10-20 cm soil layer,the total nitrogen,total phosphorus and cation exchange capacity were shown that AL and GL were higher than PO.The alkali hydrolysable nitrogen was shown as PO>GL>AL.There was no significant difference in the pH value under the 3 samples,and the residual physicochemical properties were shown that AL and PO were higher than GL.Compared with CK,the physical and chemical properties of soil were obviously higher in general except water content,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and organic matter.(2)From the total number of soil microbes under 3 types of reclaimed land,it was shown as GL>PO>AL in the two soil layers;From the difference of the total soil microbial concentration under 3 types of reclaimed land,the 0-10 cm soil layer was shown as AL>PO>GL,but PO>AL>GL in the 10-20 cm soil layer.From the microbial community concentration under 3 types of reclaimed land,all kinds of microorganisms(except actinomycetes)in the 0-10 cm soil layer generally were shown as AL>PO>GL,while AL and PO were higher than GL in the 10-20 cm soil layer(except actinomycetes).From the difference of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen under 3 types of reclaimed land,the content of microbial biomass carbon in the 0-10 cm soil layer was AL>GL>PO,while the microbial biomass nitrogen was PO>AL>GL;In the 10-20 cm soil layer,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were shown that AL was higher than PO and GL.In addition.Compared with CK plots,soil microbial total concentration,total number,community concentration and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of 3 reclamation plots in these two soil layers were significantly lower than CK.(3)From the community structure of soil microbes under 3 types of reclaimed land,the microbial community structure in PO and GL plots was similar,and the proportion ofmicrobial community was shown as gram positive bacteria>bacteria>fungi and gram negative bacteria>actinomycetes in 0-10 cm soil layer,while gram positive bacteria>bacteria and fungi>gram-negative bacteria>actinomycetes in the AL.In 10-20 cm soil layer,the community structure of soil microorganism in AL and GL was similar,and the proportion was shown asgram positive bacteria>bacteria>fungi>gram negative bacteria>actinomycetes,butgram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria> bacteria>fungi>actinomycetes in PO plots.(4)From the difference of soil enzyme activity under 3 types of reclaimed land,in the 0-10 cm soil layer,the alkaline phosphatase and urease activity were AL>PO>GL,the catalase was AL>GL>PO,while there was no significant difference in dehydrogenase in AL and GL samples and significantly lower than PO.In 10-20 cm soil layer,catalase and urease were PO>AL>GL,alkaline phosphatase was AL>GL>PO,and dehydrogenase was GL>AL>PO.(5)From the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on soil microbes under 3 types of reclaimed land,the most influential factors for the 5 types of soil microbes were organic matter and water content(except actinomycetes),the most important factors affecting soil microbial biomass carbon were organic matter,total phosphorus and total potassium,and the most important factor affecting soil microbial biomass nitrogen is the content of clay particles.From the effect of soil properties on enzyme activity,The most effective influence on catalase was available phosphorus,the most influential factors on urease activity were water content and total phosphorus,while the activity of alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase had no significant relationship with soil properties. |
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