Technological Change And The Changes Of The International System

Throughout history,many great powers experience ups and downs in the historical arena and show the evolution of history.Hedley Bull,a British scholar,once said that the international system relied on enough linkage and mutual influence among different nations,and behavior of one country was an important consideration factor.In addition,major technical change constantly reshapes the international system.At the beginning of a new century,the focus is to realize the complicated relationship between technology and international system.The central issues include:How does technical development promote change in the international system?Why do the technical activities in the international system enhance obviously?What is the complex correlation between the two?We need to deeply understand and draw lessons from the theoretical basis of the early historical international systems,research the technical development history in depth and its interaction with the international system changes,and correctly grasp characteristics and development mechanism of changes in technologies and the international system.However,regretfully,existing academic researches proceed from unidirectional relationship,and there are few studies which analyze the interaction mechanism between the two in a systematic and complete way;what's worse,the above studies have defects and disadvantages.The paper makes a comprehensive use traditional research methods as documentation method,case study method and qualitative analysis method,draws lessons from frontier theories of related subjects,analyzes many historical cases,and aims to reveal the interaction mechanism and inherent law of changes in technologies and the international system at the theoretical height of history and logic unity.It uses the European railways in the 19~thh century as the research object to explore the interaction relationship between railways and economy,politics and military in Europe,as well as complicated correlation between railways and pattern evolution in Europe.The paper researches and summarizes the following core points by combing theory and example.Technology is not only product of the international system,but also important driving force for change in the international system;railway is a core innovation element for the economic and political system in the late 19~thh century.It will provide a systematic theoretical framework for research of technical innovation and international political system,improve and expand the research horizon of such subjects as science and technology philosophy and science of international relations,guide overall planning and peaceful rise,and also can be used as the decision-making basis for our country to grasp the important strategic opportunities.