| Peatland and peat resources have both special ecological functions and extensive application in agriculture,industry and environmental protection.The problem of protection and utilization of peatland has always existed.Peatland and peat resources are rich in China,which is of great value to ecological environment protection.However,due to the influence of human factors and natural factors,the ecological service and value function of peatland in China has d e t e r i o r a t e d rapidly,and it is necessary to manage and utilize reasonably and effectively.Standardization is an important means for the protection and utilization of peatland resources,so that the management and utilization of peatland resources in China can be followed and marked.Therefore,carring out the work of peatland resources standardization is in urgent need.Based on the analysis of the development and standardization of peatland resource management and utilization,as well as the theory and method of standard system constructing,this article builds peatland and peat standard system.The main conclustitions in this study are as follows:(1)142 peatland standards have been formulated and published abroad.Russia,Indonesia,the United States,Germany and Poland are the countries with the most standard.Method standards and product standards are in the majority.The standard quantity of peat protection,restoration,reconstruction,reclamation and so on is less or less.From the application field of peat,there are many standard peat standards,including peat matrix standard,peat fertilizer standard,peat fuel standard,etc.China has formulated and issued 28 peatland standards.Among them,the local standard is 21 and the industry standard is 7,covering 5 industries including coal,chemical industry,forestry,water conservancy and geology and mineral resources.Compared with the peat application standards,there are only four standards for the protection,restoration and reconstruction of peat in China,which cannot meet the demand of peatland ecological protection.(2)The framework and standard system of peatland and peat standard system were preliminarily constructed.165 peatland standards and 140 peat application standards were listed.(3)Referring to the experience and methods of peatland restoration in foreign countries,it is suggested that the key technical standards should be standardized from the following aspects,mainly including peatland ecological investigation,problem diagnosis,feasibility analysis,engineering plan,implementation,management and maintenance. |
