| “Seaweed” is the vulgo of peat moss by farmers in mountainous areas of Guizhou.Peat moss has a wide natural distribution and a long history of farmland cultivation around Qiannan,Guizhou.In this study,the species composition of peat moss,the diversity of concomitant plant communities and the main factors affecting the growth of peat moss in farmland and natural peatland were analyzed.Means of fieldwork,data collection and statistical analysis were employed to explore the effects of concomitant plant diversity and soil factors on peat moss as it was reclaimed from natural peatland to farmland,and to study the environmental factors affecting the biomass of peat moss.The study will provide scientific basis and technical support for improving and promoting production of peat moss in farmlands.A total of 510 plant and soil samples were collected at farmland and natural peatland in Shuitai Village between July 2020 and October 2021.Samples of 150 peat moss specimens,150 peat moss planting layer soils and 210 peat moss associated plants were colledted.The Alpha diversity of peat moss associated plants in farmland and natural peatland was calculated;Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship among the growth characteristics of peat moss in farmland and natural peatland,associated species community diversity and soil factors.And the relationship between peat moss associated plant diversity and soil factors was explored using canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).The results showed that:(1)A total of 126 species of plants in 101 genera from 55 families were recorded in the natural peatland and farmland,including 4 species of peat mosses and 122 species of companion plants in 100 genera from 54 families.The associated plants included 35 species of 25 genera in 10 families of monocotyledons,62 species of 55 genera in 29 families of dicotyledons,9 species of 8 genera in 8 families of ferns,16 species of 12 genera in 7 families of mosses,and one species of Marchntiophyta(Haplomitrium mnioides)in YS1 of the natural peatland.The number of peat moss associated plant species in each sample site was: natural peatland YS2 > natural peatland YS1 >natural peatland YS3 > farmland NT3 > farmland NT2 > farmland NT1.(2)The Shannon-Wiener diversity of peat moss associates in farmland and natural peatland was: natural peatland YS1 > natural peatland YS3 >natural peatland YS2 > farmland NT3 > farmland NT1 > farmland NT2;Simpson dominance index: natural peatland YS1 > natural peatland YS3 > farmland NT3 > farmland NT1 > farmland NT2 > natural peatland YS2.(3)Peat moss associated plant life types: natural peatlands are larger than farmland.Perennial herbs are the dominant associated plant taxon in natural peatlands,accounting for 33.33% of the number of associated plant species in natural peatlands,while annual herbs are the subdominant taxon,accounting for 29.76% of the total number of associated plant species in natural peatlands.The concomitant plants of agricultural peat moss were classified into nine life types.Perennial herbs were the dominant type,accounting for 50.77% of the number of species of peat moss companion plants on farmland,while annual herbs were the subdominant type,accounting for 26.15%.(4)The growth characteristics(stem thickness,fresh weight and dry weight)of peat moss were closely related to the species diversity of its associated plants.The stem thickness was negatively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener index of its congeners(P < 0.05),the fresh weight was significantly negatively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener and Richness indices of its congeners(P < 0.01),and the dry weight was negatively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener and Richness indices of its congeners(P < 0.05).(5)K,P and Na were the main factors affecting the growth of peat moss.The number of branches in peat moss was positively correlated with Na in the body(P < 0.05)and negatively correlated with chlorophyll content(P <0.05).In addition,for the characteristics of the peat moss,there was a positive correlation between stem thickness and P content(P < 0.05),a negative correlation between plant height and potassium(P < 0.05),a significant positive correlation between fresh weight and K(P < 0.01),a positive correlation between dry weight and K(P < 0.05),and a negative correlation between fresh weight and dry weight and P(P < 0.05).(6)TP and TN were important factors affecting the biomass of peat moss.TP in soil was negatively correlated with fresh and dry weight of peat moss(P< 0.05),TN was significantly positively correlated with fresh weight(P <0.01)and positively correlated with dry weight(P < 0.05).The height of peat moss was positively correlated with CAT,TP and TK in soil(P <0.05).In addition,soil factors not only affected the growth of peat moss,but also interacted with other soil factors,such as AK was positively correlated with AP and URE(P < 0.05),and significantly negatively correlated with TP,SOM,and FDA(P < 0.01).(7)CCA showed that the distribution of associated plants in sample sites NT2 and NT3 were mainly influenced by PRO,CAT and STP,and the magnitude of the influence of the three soil factors on the distribution of associated plants was PRO > STP > CAT.The distribution of associated plants in sample site NT1 was mainly influenced by soil bulk density.In natural peatland YS2,the distribution of associated plant species was influenced by soil porosity.Conclusion: The plant resources of Shuitai Village in Longli County were rich,and the peat moss planted in farmland was Sphagnum palustre L.ssp.Palustre,with a small amount of mixed Sphagnum ovatum Hamp.Among the associated plants of peat moss,perennial herbs were the dominant life type and annual herbs were sub-dominant life type.The height,fresh weight and dry weight of peat moss were much higher in agricultural fields than in natural peatlands.TP and TN in soil were the main factors affecting plant biomass,and peat moss production can be improved by applying fertilizers containing N and P to the soil.The diversity of companion plant species was negatively correlated with the biomass of peat moss,and the peat moss yield can be improved by reducing the diversity of companion plants through artificial weed removal and other means. |
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