Study On The Food Resources And Habitat Selection Of Typical Birds In Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland

Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Bird National Nature Reserve is the only route for the migratory birds in China,and there are many kinds of birds in the wetland.Cygnus cygnus,Grus grus and other rare birds migrate and stay here every year.The habitat quality and food resources of birds in the reserve affect the resident time and community composition and population of the wetland birds.So in October 2016 to January 2018,the avian community of birds gathering area,bird food resources,typical bird feeding and birds habitat characteristics in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Reserve have been carried on the investigation and study.And we put forward some suggestions according to the problems existing in the reserve.The results as follow:1 The avian community of bird colony in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland ReserveA total of 16 orders,34 families and 92 species of birds were recorded.In terms of species composition,the proportion of birds in Passeriformes is the highest,accounting for 23% of the total number of species,accounting for 38 of the total number of species.Winter bird,resident bird,summer bird and passing migrant accounted for 31.52%,25.00%,25.00%,18.48% according to the residence statistics.Migratory birds accounted for 75.00%.According to the division of ecological groups,the proportion of the swimming bird was the highest,accounted for 27.17%,and Anatidae birds dominated in swimming bird,accounted for 76.00%.,Passer montanus,Anser fabalis,Anas zonorhyncha and Grey Heron were the dominant species by calculation.Marsh reeds and River beaches were the most important habitats for birds in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland.,the Natural lakes was the second.There was the least birds distribution in the Cage-free ponds.The Anseriformes were the primary birds in the River beaches,Passeriformes,Anseriformes and Ciconiiformes were the major birds in Marsh reeds,and Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were the main birds in Natural lakes,The fish pond was dominated by Gruiformes.2 Food resources in the birds gathering area of Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Reserve(1)A total of 112 species of Advanced plants were recorded in the bird colony.There were 82 species of plants in Chenqiao East Lake,66 species in Caogang Qinglong Lake.The Margalef richness index,Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index of plants in Caogang Qinglong Lake were less than Chenqiao East Lake's.Based on the survey results,it was estimated that the biomass of Potamogeton malaianu,Potamogeton pectinatus and Najas marina were 2987.4 kg?13318.1 kg and 3325.7 kg(fresh weight)in the north district of Caogang Qinglong Lake,respectively.In general,the distribution of plant resources was uneven.(2)A total of 20 species were obtained from the survey.There were 15 species of Cypriniformes fishes,which account for 75.00% of the total number of species.Among them,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Cyprinus carpio,Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Hemiculter leucisculus were the dominant species,Carassiusauratus,Silurus asotu and Squaliobarbus curriculus were the common species,and Oncorhynchus was the accidental species.A survey of local fishermen's catches in the four seasons could give a rough estimate of the 2,880 kg of fish that can be produced in the Chenqiao east lake and Qinglong lake of Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland.The food resources of bird eaten by fish were relatively abundant.(3)There were 7 orders,10 families and 20 species of zoobenthos.Among them,aquatic mollusk,annelid and crustacean made up 55%,30% and 15.00% respectively.Based on the biomass investigation of Procambarus clarkia and water angleworm in five areas of Xinxiang Yellow river wetland Reserve,We could know that the highest and lowest biomass of Procambarus clarkia were 278.4 g/m2 and 34.8 g/m2 in area of Chenqiao East Lake and due south catchment area of Zhangzhaung Village respectively.Water angleworm had the highest biomass in the due south catchment of Zhangzhaung Village,with a biomass of 5.9 g/m2,and had the lowest biomass of 1.5 g/m2 in the waters of the East Lake Police Station in Chenqiao.In general,the community structure was single and richness was low.3 Analysis of feeding and habitat of typical bird in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Reserve(1)Research on the diet of Cygnus cygnus in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland in winterExcrement analysis of wintering Cygnus cygnus showed that: There were 14 kinds of food for Cygnus cygnus to eat in winter,of which Cygnus cygnus ate Brassica campestris the most,which accounted for 80.35% of their excrement.Because there was less Potamogeton wrightii,the proportion in their excrement gradually reduced from 12.94% in December 2016 to 4.34% in March 2017.The proportion of Sonchus asper gradually reduced from 8.82% in December 2016 to 0.15% in March 2017.Potamogeton crispus was only detected in March 2017,which accounted for 9.89%.The seeds of Gaura parviflora which were not digested were only detected in January 2017,which accounted for 4.83%.Comparing with the results 20 years ago when Cygnus cygnus fed on aquatic plants,the diet composition of Cygnus cygnus has changed significantly,which mainly due to the lack of submerged plants and there are only little Potamogeton wrightii and Potamogeton crispus growing there now.(2)Nests Characteristics and Nest-site Selection of Ardea cinerea in Xinxiang Yellow River WetlandThe nest characteristics and ecological factors of nest site area and control area of Grey Heron breeding area of Chenqiao East Lake in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Reserve were investigated by GPS positioning and quadrat survey.The results showed that grey heron especially prefer to nest in Phragmites australias.The nest type is ground-nest.The main material for nesting is reed.The nest is shallow dish-shaped and face upward.The outer diameter,inner diameter,height,and depth were(39.00±3.28)cm,(79.10±15.39)cm,(31.00±19.80)cm,and(5.00±1.43)cm,respectively.Comparison of ecological factors between the herons nest site area and control area showed that the density,coverage,height of vegetation in the nest site area were significantly lower than that of control area(P<0.05).Additionally,water depth and the distance from human infrequent and frequent activity were significantly higher than those in control(P<0.05).The factors limiting the nest-site selection of grey heron were investigated using binomial logistic regression based on Akaike's Information Criterion.The results showed that vegetative state and interference factor were the key factors restricting the heron nest-site selection.(3)The habitat patterns of Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Reserve(1)The river beach was the main body of Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Reserve.(2)Farmland occupied an absolute advantage.(3)Natural lakes and reed marshes were small but of great importance.(4)The interference intensity and the area of interference increased.4 The main problems and protection strategy of Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland ReserveMain problems: Smaller water area;Submerged plants were less distributed;The degree of human disturbance was serious;The threat of illegal activities such as poaching and poisoning;The agricultural reclamation of barren beach was prominent.Protection strategy: To strengthen the publicity of bird protection birds;Plant submerged plants;Remove the water interval and enlarge the area of the water;Reduce human disturbance and develop wetland properly;Improving the rule of law system for wetland protection and strengthening the enforcement of law.