Study On Construction Of Landscape Ecological Security Pattern Of Shengli Coalfield In Inner Mongolia

To a certain extent,the large-scale exploitation of coal resources has changed the regional landscape pattern,the exploitation of opencast coal mine has changed the type of local landscape and increased the variety of the patch at the same time which is a great disturbance to the ecological environment,in particular,artificial landscapes,such as industrial and mining land,have blocked the links between patches.Great damage has been brought to local biodiversity and ecological integrity.It is of great practical significance to deal with the contradiction between mineral exploitation and ecological environment protection,and to build a regional landscape ecological security pattern for the sustainable development of the region.In this paper,Shengli Coalfield in Inner Mongolia is taken as the research area.Using GF1 image,with the support of GIS and RS technology,do the classification and mapping of the landscape of Shengli Coalfield,landscape index was selected to analyze the landscape pattern of Shengli Coalfield.The minimum cumulative resistance model was applied to construct the landscape ecological security pattern of Shengli Coalfield,and put forward the construction measures of landscape ecological security.The results of the study are as follows:(1)The change characteristics of landscape index under different analysis granularity and the area accuracy loss of landscape area and landscape types were comprehensively analyzed.Finally,the most suitable granularity of Shengli Coalfield landscape spatial pattern analysis was 40m.Under the analysis granularity of 40m,the landscape pattern of Shengli Coalfield is analyzed from three aspects of space composition,space form and landscape overall level.And the results were:? From space composition,grassland is the matrix landscape of Shengli Coalfield.?From space form,the shape of natural landscape in the study area is irregular,and the artificial landscape is simple.? From landscape overall level,the landscape heterogeneity of Shengli Coalfield is small,and its stability is not high,which is not conducive to the maintenance of the current spatial structure of land use and landscape.(2)Select 6 indexes to evaluate the landscape patch of Shengli Coalfield.Divided the evaluation results of patches into five quality grades.Select the quality level of I patches as ecological sources.There are 10 ecological sources in Shengli Coalfield which are consist of 4 wetlands and 6 plantations.The total area of ecological sources is 4964 hm2,accounting for 4.86%of the total area of the study area.(3)According to the actual situation of Shengli Coalfield,3 self-factors of landscape including NDVI,slope and land use intensity and 3 adjacent landscape interference factors including the distance to open pits,paths and dumps in use were selected,the weight and resistance grading assignment method of each resistance factor were determined,and then built the resistance surface.Using the minimum cumulative resistance model,combined with ecological sources and surface resistance,obtained the minimum cumulative cost distance surface.Using the cost path module in ArcGIS,combined with the ecological sources,24 ecological corridors were generated on the minimum cumulative consumption surface.The“ridge line”is generated on the minimum cumulative consumption surface by using the hydrological analysis model.Using ecological corridors and“ridge line”to determine 29 ecological nodes.(4)By analyzing the current shortage and potential of ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological nodes,the construction measures of ecological security pattern in Shengli Coalfield were put forward:? For the ecological sources,the area should be enlarged under conditions permissible;Extracted low vegetation cover area of the ecological sources and did the vegetation restoration.Put forward the main measures of protection and construction of 10 ecological resources.? For ecological corridors,analyzed the composition of landscape types in the corridors,and plan construction through different landscape types.Put forward the main construction measures for 24 ecological corridors.? For ecological nodes,analyzed the landscape types and the surrounding landscape types of the ecological nodes,and then worked out the construction plan.Put forward the main construction measures for 29 ecological nodes.