Research On The Promotion Mode Of Water Resources Degree In Construction Of High Standard Basic Farmland

The shortage of water resources is the main constraint problem of current high standards of basic farmland construction process.Henan province is a big province of grain.During the period of 12 th Five-Year plan,it has constructed 2.48×107hm2 high standard basic farmland and during the period of 13 th Five-Year plan,the target of the high standard basic farmland is 4.02×107hm2.But the middle and northern part of Henan province are semi-arid areas,the total quantity of water resource is insufficient and distributed unevenly.Most of the farmland areas are lack of irrigation water,for the lack of surface water and excessive exploitation of groundwater.At the same time,it is difficult to obtain exotic water to irrigate.The farmland is dry heavily which leads to the decline of production capacity.Facing the sever problem of the irrigation water shortage in the construction of high standard basic farmland in semi-arid area and aiming at alleviating irrigation water resources shortage,we should make plans according to local conditions to promote the guarantee extent of water resources in the basic method of “opening sources” and “reducing expenditure”.This paper selects the city of Xinzheng,which locates in the center of Henan province,as the research object.Xinzheng City locates in the transition zone of Yudong plain and Yuxi mountain.The western of Xinzheng City is hilly area,the eastern is plain area,and the central of it is dune hillock area.It is known as the epitome of Henan province with the complex geomorphic type of the dune,the hill,the plain.The total terrain is high in the West and low in the East,the altitude of Xinzheng City is 140-800 m.The average annual rainfall of Xinzheng City is 672.2mm,and the total amount of available surface water resources is 10046.96 × 104m3,the total amount of available underground water is 7847.24×104m3.While the annual water requirement in Xinzheng City is 28418×104m3,which is far less than the water supply.The present amount of available irrigation water cannot meet the demand of it.Therefore,this paper partitions Xinzheng City anew with the restriction of water resources on the basis of land development and consolidation of project partition in Henan province,adopting natural division method,qualitative analysis method,multivariate information composite analysis method,hydrological geology research method,remote sensing technology of survey method.There are three main classes: hilly-arid area,dune and insufficient irrigation area,plain-irrigation area.According to the local condition,the sustainable development principle,and the conservation and efficient principle,this paper respectively proposes proper partition modes to enhance the degree of water resources protection.The main modes are as follows:The main mode of development of hilly-arid area:(1)turn the sloping field into terraces,and make full use of atmospheric precipitation to improve soil water storage capacity;(2)develop dryland agriculture and plant new varieties of crops which have high resistance to drought and heat;reduce water evaporation and improve crop yield by developing plastic film mulching technology.The development mode of dune and insufficient irrigation area:(1)develop the engineering of rainwater collection and combine it with the engineering of well;make full use of surface runoff and store the loss of water which can alleviate the over exploitation of groundwater and solve the lack of water;(2)make insufficient irrigation system according to the local main grain crops,save and irrigate the key water and guarantee a maximize of grain yield with the water limited;(3)change the current backward irrigation technology and save water by developing microspray irrigation technology suitable for field crop planting.The development mode of plain area:(1)make full use of atmospheric precipitation,recharge groundwater recharge in the serious groundwater exploitation areas and improve irrigation water amounts;(2)explore the integration of water and fertilizer mode by means of pipeline irrigation system micro to achieve water-saving,fertilizer saving purpose.At the same time,this paper selects hilly arid area-Wangzhuang village,dune and insufficient irrigation area-Xiaoqiaogou Village and plain irrigation area Jun zhao village as typical demonstration areas.Through information collection in various departments and visiting to the fields,this paper design specific demonstration area of water resources protection degree promotion mode according to different local conditions.