Comparative Study Of Chinese And Mongolian Grassland Mining Rehabilitation

It is impossible for the mankind to subsist without using natural resources.As a result of increased population and urbanization,a country's economy is developing and broadening;thus it creates inevitable demand for use of natural resources.Mining industry plays an important role in economic development;however,it has significant adverse impact on the environment.Mining rehabilitation activities are therefore carried out in order to mitigate or minimize this adverse impact.Nevertheless,there are not any mining companies which completed mining rehabilitation activities at a satisfactory level up to date.Main reasons behind this are inadequate assessment of adverse impact on the environment which might occur due to the mining activities in the long term and a lack of knowledge and information about the possibilities to mitigate or minimize the adverse impact at lower cost or by using better methods and technologies.The objectives of this study were to compare the mining rehabilitation activities carried out in China and Mongolia,to analyze how the two countries employ the advancement and moderns of other countries for mining rehabilitation methods and to explain the similarities and differences in rehabilitation methods used by the two countries.In order to conduct the study,we selected two coal mines from each country.Wulantuga coal mine located in Xilinhaote of Xilinguole province,Inner Mongolia,China and Baganuur coal mine located in Baganuur district of Ulaanbaatar city,Mongolia.For the purpose of the study,we analyzed the similarities and differences of the two countries with regard to the legal environment on mining rehabilitation,climate and natural conditions of the selected coal mines,soil productivity,selection of vegetation type used for rehabilitation and methods used for rehabilitation.The coal mines chose are both located at high altitude regions of Mongolia and natural zone,belt and climate are quite similar.However,their rehabilitation method and rehabilitation result are relatively different.The study result shows that:(1)Mongolia has more laws,regulations and standards adopted for mining rehabilitation than China.Nevertheless,China is more successful in enforcing the mining companies to implement the laws and regulations.(2)Soil sample taken from Baganuur coal mine contains more vegetation restoration of vegetation cover,plant community richness,organic substance,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium than that the one taken from Wulantuga coal mine.(3)By analyzing the factors resulting in two coal mines vegetation restoration variation in outcomes shows that two mines in which the natural environmental conditions and climatic factors are basically the same,the main factors of the natural factors are not caused by differences.Mongolian Baganuur coal mine in carrying out the vegetation return to work,take a combined approach of engineering and biological measures,foreshadowing higher soil organic matter content in the soil above the implementation of the biological measures launched in the coal mine.Chinese Wulantuga coal mine did not take any engineering measures,in the layer of coal launch of direct implementation of the biological measures leading to lack of soil nutrients vegetation restoration effect was not significant.(4)From the comparative analysis of results,Mongolia Baganuur coal mine vegetation restoration measures relatively successful,but need to conscientiously implement the vegetation restoration laws,regulations and the search for low cost,simple and practical vegetation restoration measures need further alterations.Chinese Wulantuga coal mine needs to draw on the experience of the Mongolian coal mine,the introduction of engineering measures in future vegetation restoration work,and play its flexible biological measures the effectiveness of the application.