Research On The Influence Of Chinese Service Openness On The Upgrade Of Manufacturing Industry In Global Value Chain

The 40 th anniversary of reform and opening up,Chinese manufacturing industry has been developing rapidly.Both in terms of total output value and import and export,it has become one of the world's leading manufacturers and has become a global manufacturing power.However,it is worth worrying that the overall manufacturing industry presents the characteristics of “big but not strong” and “all without specialization”.Reliance on developed countries' orders and technology and the lack of core capabilities have caused local manufacturing to be hampered and locked at the low end of the value chain.Compared with developed countries in the world,China still has a long way to go considering the large gap in independent innovation capability,productivity level and management model.With the deepening of Chinese openness to the outside world,the service industry is becoming more and more important to the development of the national economy,and it has gradually become a new engine which will stimulating economic development.Chinese service industry has absorbed advanced production technology and management experience in its opening to the outside world,which has brought new vitality to the development of its own manufacturing industry,and brought hope to the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry which may finally help the industry to getting rid of the “low?end locked”.Under the current background,to explore whether the further liberalization of the service industry is conducive to the manufacturing industry to break through the "low?end lock?in" of the value chain,and to provide advice for the upgrading and transformation of Chinese manufacturing industry has important practical meaning.Based on the review of related literature,this paper analyzes the status quo of Chinese service industry and manufacturing industry,and collates the different scholars' measures for the degree of openness of the service industry and the position of the manufacturing value chain.The four different mechanisms,complementarity effects,technology spillover effects,and resource redistribution effects set out to analyze the possible path of the impact of the opening of the service industry on the rise of the manufacturing value chain.Based on the theoretical analysis,this paper integrates the service industry's penetration rate for manufacturing and the dependence on service industry imports is calculated using the input?output table,as a measure of the openness of the service industry,and the value of the import and export unit of the manufacturing industry is used to measured the position of Chinese manufacturing value chain.This paper also selected three other indicators,such as human capital,manufacturing scale,and market competition.Using all this data we empirically analyze the relationship between service opening and manufacturing upgrading.The empirical results of this paper shows that regardless of the degree of import dependence of the service industry or the perspective of the service industry on the penetration of the manufacturing industry,the opening of the service industry has had a positive impact on the “low?end locked”of the manufacturing value?breaking chain,and this impact has existed stable.Industry heterogeneity and human capital,as core elements of manufacturing development,also has a positive relationship on the rising value chain of manufacturing;due to the irrational structure of R&D input and Chinese current stage,the results reflect the negative effect of R&D intensity on manufacturing upgrading.Although the expansion of manufacturing scale at this stage has promoted the rise of the manufacturing value chain,the relationship is not significant.This may be because the condition of manufacturing upgrading are strict.And the degree of market competition is negatively correlated with it.Finally,this article summarizes the research conclusions and puts forward three policy suggestions on how do the “low?end locked” of Chinese manufacturing breakthrough global value chain: First,improve the service industry's opening level further;Second,increase technological innovation and human capital investment further;Third,optimize the enterprise scale further.