Study On Learning Disabilities And Low-locked In Globe Value Chain

In the context of economic globalization, enterprises tend to centralizing develop in the form of industrial cluster. In many developing countries the industrial clusters or cluster enterprises participate in global competition and seek upgrade opportunities by way of embedding themselves in the global value chain. Under the guidance of the policy of "market for technology", China’s industrial sectors in the global value chain are also trying to quickly upgrade their technological level and industrial competitiveness through international cooperation and technology introduction. However, it is difficult to exchange market for the core technology and cutting-edge technology, so many industrial clusters and enterprises are locked up in the low-end part of the value chain, which not only leads to the low level of enterprise profits, but also easily leads to "immiserizing growth" of local economy. Therefore, the low-locked is a key problem for industrial upgrading in the context of global value chain.From the perspective of knowledge accumulation and learning mechanism of cluster enterprises, this paper attempts to interpret the low-locked phenomenon in the global value chain using the concept of learning disabilities. Firstly, on the basis of review of relevant literatures at home and abroad this paper observes the status quo of research on industrial clusters’ local learning and global learning. Secondly, this paper introduces knowledge-flow theory to analyze the characteristics of cluster knowledge flow and value chain knowledge flow, and on this basis builds a knowledge flow-based learning mechanism for cluster enterprises in the global value chain, and combined with theoretical analysis and CES function-based mathematical derivation explains the mechanism how low-end enterprises suffering from learning disabilities are locked up in the low-end part of value chain. Thirdly, this paper proposes government as an exogenous variable to break through learning disabilities, and makes empirical analysis using the panel data of China’s high-tech industries. Finally, around the core concept of learning disabilities, combined with analysis of a typical case of large aircraft industry, this paper puts forward a government-led strategy to break through Low-locked in the global value chain. Based on the above research, this paper draws the main conclusions as follows:(1) Cluster enterprises conduct learning and knowledge accumulation mainly by independent innovation-based endogenous ways and clusters’local learning and value chain learning-based exogenous ways. Industrial clusters’characteristics of geographical proximity and cultural rooting are conducive to the conduct of local learning and the dissemination of tacit knowledge, while the learning of value chain is mainly to transmit explicit knowledge, in which the greater spatial distance allows high-end enterprises in the value chain to have strong control over knowledge outflow.(2) Two learning disabilities of embedded dependence and knowledge barrier are the root causes of the low-locked phenomenon in the global value chain. The former causes corporate learning dependent on exogenous ways, vulnerable to pin-down by leading enterprises, while the independent innovation-based endogenous ways to knowledge accumulation gradually weaken or even disappear. The latter prejudices low-end enterprises from access to control of key industrial technology of leading enterprises. Under the dual impact of embedded dependence and knowledge barrier, enterprises cannot realize knowledge accumulation required for upgrade, nor can they get rid of dependence on the existing path of technological development, and thus fall into the low-locked position.(3) Government is an exogenous force to break through low-locked and a necessary condition for industrial upgrading is solving the two learning disabilities of embedded dependence and knowledge barrier. Government can take on the conversion cost incurred in path breakthrough and use large strategic projects to help enterprises on the verge of collapse achieve technology upgrades. The government’s main purpose is to guide enterprises carrying out activities of independent innovation. The use of independent innovation and learning across the value chain allows enterprises to reconstruct knowledge base and get rid of the embedded dependence, so that enterprises take advantage of similar technology development and knowledge acquisition-oriented reverse investment to bypass knowledge barriers and obtain the necessary knowledge for upgrade.(4) The case study of large aircraft industry provides a feasible path for China’s cluster enterprises to breakthroughs of learning disabilities and low-locked:relying on independent innovation and value chain restructuring, enterprises while breaking through learning disabilities to continuously acquire knowledge occupy the strategic links of value chain and seize chain governance.