A Research On Income Gap And Influencing Factors Of Chinese Urban And Rural Residents

The wide gap between urban and rural has always been an economist's focus.Since the reform and opening up,the income of urban and rural residents has increased substantially.However,the income gap between urban and rural areas has continued to widen.Since 1999,the Gini coefficient of China has exceeded the warning line set by the World Bank.In the first phase of depicting the goal of a century,the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the gap between the living standards of urban and rural residents has been significantly narrowed.Therefore,it is time-consuming and necessary to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents.Therefore,it is imminent to solve the problem of too-large urban-rural income disparity.At present,domestic scholars primarily through macroeconomic policy research,its micro-factors are rarely studied and the impact mechanism does not form a complete system.In this paper,the per capita income of urban and rural families as the research object,analyze the impact of income structure and micro-factors on the income gap between urban and rural areas.In order to make a detailed understanding of the per capita income gap between urban and rural areas in China,this paper analyzes the macroeconomic structure and micro-factors of macro-income.In the macro aspect,the Gini coefficient sub-income decomposition is used to explore the effect of income structure on the household per capita income gap between urban and rural areas and between urban and rural areas.In terms of microscopic factors,FY decomposition method based on regression decomposition is used to explore the influencing factors of household per capita income gap between urban and rural areas and between urban and rural areas and to quantify the impact of contribution rate.This paper uses CHNS data to find out that the per capita income gap among urban and rural areas and between urban and rural areas shows "inverted U-shaped" as a whole by measuring the income gap indicators.Both of them reached a peak in 2005 and showed a decreasing trend.In 1988-2010,per capita income of rural households Gini coefficient of Gap is higher than 0.4 as a whole.The Gini coefficient of per capita income gap between urban and rural areas was only above 0.4 after 1999.The increase of wage income in the sub-income will widen the per-capita income gap among urban households,while the increase of household operating income,transfer income and property and other income will reduce the per-capita income gap of urban households;wage income and transfer income And the widening effect of household per capita income gap between urban and rural areas,that is,the increase of wage income and transfer income will widen the income gap between rural and urban areas and rural areas,increase the per capita income gap between family management income and property and other incomes Has a diminishing impact effect.In terms of micro factors,industry and occupation are the primary factors that cause the per-capita income gap between rural areas,urban areas and urban and rural areas.The per capita income inequality of urban households is affected by the transfer of income,wage income and household operating income,and by the influence of wage income Rural household per capita income gap;family characteristics are also important influencing factors of household per capita income disparity in rural areas,urban areas and urban and rural areas,of which the contribution rate of labor force variable to the per capita income gap among rural,urban and rural areas is very significant;The contribution rate of household per capita income disparity in urban and rural areas and between urban and rural areas shows "inverted U-shaped" trend and the contribution rate to income inequality gradually decreases.Among them,the basic education expands the per capita income of urban and rural families through the path of wage income Gap and human capital pull the gap between per capita income of urban and rural families through the way of transfer income and wage income;the household registration system has the effect of narrowing the inequality of per capita income of urban households,and widening the per capita income gap between rural and urban households Significant impact,The household registration system has widened the income gap between rural areas and between urban and rural areas.Finally,I put forward four suggestions according to the above conclusions:First,to increase household operating income as the main way to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas;second,to increase the rural migrant income,increase the subsidies for benefiting farmers;third,to promote fair opportunities,Increase investment in basic education,the fourth is to reform the household registration system,the implementation of unified urban and rural household registration.