A Study On The Measurement Of Tourism Monopoly In China's Provincial Capitals

Tourism dominance is a social phenomenon that the organization or individual is in the position of monopoly or domination by its different social status and power in the specific area or the crowd’ organization management and competition.It is a pyramid structure in the social organization.Regional tourism dominated by the government makes the capital cities have obvious advantages in the policy-making,traffic location,infrastructure construction,intellectual resources and so on.So the capital cities’tourism performance is outstanding,and it both can organize and lead the regional tourism development.Taking 24 provinces and its 321 cities in our country as samples(excluding four municipalities and Tibet,Qinghai,and Hainan),this study collected the tourism data of 2013 and 2014.According to the rank-size theory,this paper analyzed the city tourism’rank-size relationship and found the capital cities’ tourism ranking in their provinces.Then this paper used the LDI and SWI index to measure the 24 capital cities’ tourism dominance,and the capital cities were classified into strong,middle and weak three types.Finally,this paper analyzed the relationship between tourism dominance and the key factors in city tourism development,and explained the reasons of the tourism dominance,which was based on the different types.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Based on the rank-size theory,this paper analyzed the city tourism’ rank-size relationship,and found that the inbound tourism’ rank-size regression average q-value is greater than domestic tourism,more than 80%of the provinces’ inbound tourism is in the obviously centralized distribution and its domestic tourism’ distribution is relatively flat,so the inbound tourism’ distribution is more centralized than the domestic tourism.And the tourism income’ rank-size regression average q-value is greater than tourists.Besides,all the capital cities’ tourism performance is located in the top three of the provinces except Jinan,capital of Shandong province.So the capital cities have an important status in the tourism development of the provinces.(2)This paper used the LDI and SWI index to measure the 24 capital cities’ tourism dominance,and the capital cities were classified into strong,middle and weak three types.There are seven strong tourism dominance capital cities,which are Hangzhou,Guangzhou,Changchun,Wuhan,Xi’an,Chengdu and Yinchuan;eight middle tourism dominance capital cities,which are Harbin,Taiyuan,Zhengzhou,Changsha,Urumqi,Guiyang,Kunming and Lanzhou;and nine weak tourism dominance capital cities,which are Nanning,Shenyang,Shijiazhuang,Jinan,Nanjing,Fuzhou,Hohhot,Nanchang and Hefei.(3)The capital cities have an advantage in terms of key development elements such as local market,levels of economic development,traffic location,opening degree,the capacity and organizational skills of travel agency and hotel and so on.In these aspects,the capital cites own an average market share of 29.4,which is higher 10/20 percent than the other cities in the province.So the capital cites’ tourism dominance is universal and comprehensive.(4)By comparing the key factors of the tourism development of each city,this paper found the key factors of strong tourism dominance capital cities were ranked in the first in their provinces.So the strong key factors make the tourism performance is strong.Although the middle capital cities’ performance is in the first place,the competitiveness of tourism resources is relatively weak,so its tourism dominance is middle.The weak capital cities have shortcomings in terms of key development elements such as tourism resources,traffic location,opening degree,it will form a structure of "hegemony planes" or "three pillars" with other cities,and its tourism dominance is weak.After analyzing the last two cases,this paper found that resource abundance,traffic location and opening degree,become the key factors that affect the part of the provinces capital cities tourism to dominate.On the basis of rank-size analysis,measuring of capital cities’ tourism dominance,causes analysis and the comparison of tourism dominance,this paper studied 24 capital cities’ tourism dominance of our country.There are two main innovation of this paper,one is that inbound tourism and tourism income is in the obviously centralized distribution during the rank-size analysis of city tourism,and domestic tourism and tourists has a flat trend;the other one is that the capital cities’ tourism dominance has obvious differences,it can be divided into strong,middle and weak dominate three types.Besides,the abundance of resources,traffic location and opening degree often become the key factor that effect the capital cities’ tourism dominance in the majority provinces.