The Research On Measurement And Evaluation Of Technology Niche Based On Patent Analysis

In today's socio-economic environment of globalization and competition,from enterprises competition to national development,scientific and technological innovation plays an increasingly important role.Therefore,the key to maintain a strong competitive edge is whether it has a strong scientific and technological innovation.The patent,as a symbol of technological innovation and development level,has become an important indicator of a country or enterprise science and technology innovation ability.According to the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)statistics,more than 90% of the world's inventions have applied for patents each year.It can be seen that the patent contains a wealth of scientific and technological information,reflecting the level of technology developing and trends.How to obtain and use the technical information from the patent,providing information reference and strategic support for countries,regions and enterprises development,has important practical significance.Based on the research of many literatures,this paper fully understands and studies the contents,methods and processes of patent analysis,and the principles and applications of niche theory.It found that the patent information is an important and rich empirical data resource for the research of technology-related issues,and can be used to analyze the technical field distribution and competition.At the same time,the existence of technology is similar to that of natural creatures.The niche theory can be applied to technology-related issues in the study.Therefore,in this paper,through the principle of transplantation,learn from the niche theory,patent analysis as the starting point,make use of niche calculation to measure and evaluate the industry's niche,in order to find out the competitive state of industrial technology.Based on the analysis of patent analysis and niche theory,this paper explores the principle of the construction of technical niche model from the mapping relationship between natural ecosystem and technical ecosystem.Based on the characteristics of patent information and the classification of technical niche,the industrial competitiveness measure model is constructed from the two dimensions of macro niche and micro niche.The macroscopic niche measure: combined with the characteristics of the patent analysis,this paper analyzes the niche factors that affect the macro niche,puts forward the patent application trend,the patent application area,the IPC classification,the patentee and its technical composition from the time ecological factor,spatial ecological factors,technology ecological factors and individual ecological factors of the four dimensions of the niche factor model,to understand the competitive situation of the industry;micro-niche measure: the use of the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index(RPA)and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index(HHI)to measure the technical niche of the main technology.Levins model is used to measure the subject niche of the main enterprises.Finally,based on Zhenjiang's ship and marine engineering industry,through the patent measurement,this paper makes a study on the macro-niche and micro-niche of Zhenjiang industry to evaluate the competitiveness of Zhenjiang's the industry.Through the study,it puts forward suggestions: consolidating the existing niche-to maintain competitive situation;exploring a new niche – to reconstruct technology boundaries;optimizing the technical niche – to upgrade the industrial value chain,so as to verify the feasibility of the measurement model from the empirical point of view.It can provide some reference for the evaluation of other industries,and enrich the theory and method of patent analysis.