| Land is the survival and development of human material production materials,but also China's social and economic development of the fundamental conditions and material basis.The essence of land resources is cultivated land,cultivated land is the most important production factor in agricultural production,the most basic material material and the important source of human survival and development,the protection of arable land resources,it is great significance for safeguarding national food security.On January 9,2017,the "Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Cultivated Land and Improving the Balance of Cultures" pointed out that cultivated land was the most valuable resource in our country.The relationship of more than one hundred million people was necessary to be protected and must not be lost.In recent years,in accordance with the CPC Central Committee and State Council decision-making arrangements,the relevant departments of the region to take active measures to strengthen the main responsibility,strict implementation of the balance system,strict land red line,arable land protection work achieved remarkable results.Ecological balance is a systematic and dynamic concept.Earth ecosystem includes natural ecosystems and artificial ecosystems,forests,water,wetlands and so on as natural ecosystems,and cultivated land is the most important artificial ecosystem.How to do not affect the balance of existing ecosystems,the development of arable land resources,but also through the protection of arable land to protect the existing ecosystem,co-ordinate the "cultivated red line"and "ecological red line" relationship is a new policy of cultivated land Of the major issues.The emergence of unstable cultivated land not only complicates the work of cultivated land protection,but also directly affects China's food security and ecological security.The so-called unstable cultivated is a kind of cultivated land which can not be used for a long time.If the improper land use is improper,it will cause more damage to the existing ecosystem.Therefore,the systematic analysis of unstable distribution of cultivated land is carried out.The follow-up study and the study of the countermeasures of cultivated land use are of great significance to the current field of cultivated land protection in China.Sanjiang Plain is located in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province,is China's most important grain-producing areas and commodity grain base for the motherland to transport a lot of food for the national food security and national economic stability and made a great contribution.In this paper,the unstable cultivated land of Sanjiang Plain is taken as the research object,and the second land survey data of 2010 is taken as the basic data.Using the results of the survey of unstable farmland in Heilongjiang Province,the theory of land resource allocation,The paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and landscape pattern of unstable farmland in Sanjiang Plain by means of GIS,Fragstats3.4 and mathematical statistics.Combining with the relevant policy system of Heilongjiang Province and the actual situation of unstable cultivated land use in Sanjiang Plain,Sanjiang Plain,and to develop the safeguard measures and suggestions to promote the development of modern agriculture in Sanjiang Plain and provide the basis for the management of unstable farmland.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Analysis on the distribution characteristics of unstable cultivated land in Sanjiang plain.The total cultivated land area of Sanjiang plain is 393609.09hm2,there are five types of unstable cultivated land,respectively,"river flood control and flood discharge area" unstable cultivated land,"lake flood discharge area" unstable cultivated land,"forest area Forestry workers to reclaim their own "unstable cultivated land," grassland over-cultivation unstable cultivated land,by land desertification,desertification and other factors unstable cultivated land.Sanjiang Plain unstable cultivated land to "forest workers in the forest to cultivate their own" unstable cultivated land the largest,reaching 230498.07hm2,accounting for Sanjiang Plain unstable land area of 58.56%;"lake flood discharge area" unstable cultivated land The area is the smallest,only 74.27hm2,in the Sanjiang Plain unstable cultivated land area in the proportion of 0.02%;In addition,the "grassland over-reclamation" unstable cultivated land,"river flood discharge area unstable land","by land desertification,desertification And other factors affect the "unstable cultivated land three types of unstable farmland accounted for Sanjiang Plain,the proportion of total area of unstable cultivated land were 4.40%,12.32%,24.70%.7 areas of the administrative area of the largest area of cultivated land is Shuangyashan City,with an area of 94373.75hm2,accounting for 23.98%of the total area of unstable cultivated land in Sanjiang Plain.Secondly,the area of unstable cultivated land in Jixi,Jiamusi and Qitaihe are 70271.28hm2,51541.45hm2 and 51322.08 hm2,accounting for 17.85%,13.09%and 13.04%of the area of unstable cultivated land respectively.Then,the area of unstable cultivated land in Hegang City and Mudanjiang City was 49695.29 hm2 and 48378.32hm2,respectively For 12.63%and 12.29%.Harbin City(only Yilan)unstable cultivated land the smallest area of 28026.93hm2,the proportion of 7.12%.(2)Analysis on the landscape pattern of unstable cultivated land in Sanjiang Plain.According to the scattered distribution of unstable cultivated land resources in Sanjiang Plain,in order to analyze the characteristics of fragmentation and connectivity of unstable cultivated land resources in detail,this paper analyzes the landscape index results of different types,different regions and different land types,The distribution of unstable cultivated land in the area is the most concentrated,so the "river flood control and flood discharge area" is the lowest degree of fragmentation of unstable cultivated land;"River flood control and flood discharge area "The instability of unstable cultivated land is the largest.From the regional distribution,the average plaque area index is Jiamusi,Jiamusi City farms are more,and the farmland farmland distribution concentrated contiguous,Jiamusi City,the lowest degree of instability in the fragmentation of cultivated land;Hegang City,instability The internal connectivity of unstable cultivated land is the largest.From the ground,the results showed that the density of patches was high in dry land and low in paddy field.In the spatial layout,the dry land was clustered and the paddy fields were sporadic.The average patch area index was the largest paddy field,The lowest degree of landscape fragmentation is paddy field;the highest degree of association index of dry land shows that the internal connectivity of dryland is the largest.(3)Suggestions on the utilization of unstable cultivated land in Sanjiang plain.First,the river,lake instability in arable land in the floodplain in the floodplain,in accordance with the flood requirements,the gradual implementation of the transfer of farming;for the flood control does not affect the flood control but the lower capacity of the unstable cultivated land,should strengthen the agricultural infrastructure construction,improve flood control Drainage of key projects and field supporting projects,and actively promote the land remediation work to improve the ability to resist natural disasters,thereby enhancing agricultural productivity and stability.Second,for the forest area,a large number of grassland and the main for the aging of the unstable cultivated land,the agricultural infrastructure should be poor,low yield,slope of this part of the cultivated land,in accordance with the relevant provisions of the aging period after the plan,The implementation of returning farmland to forest and grass.The third is to be affected by land desertification,desertification of unstable land in the grain yield is still high should continue to cultivate,and to set up shelterbelts,improve irrigation facilities and other protective measures;can not guarantee stable yield and low yield of arable land should be gradually Implementation of returning farmland to forests,grass,still wet. |
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