Analysis Of Temporal And Spatial Distribution Characteristics Of Grassland Degradationarhorqinbanner,Inner Mongolia

As one of largest land use types in Arhorqin Banner,grassland holds an important status in animal husbandry.It also plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the balance of grassland ecological system and protecting biodiversity.During the long-term agricultural production process,the grassland ecosystem in Arhorqin was seriously damaged by the reason of both natural and human factors.Grassland degradation not only affect the healthy development of animal husbandry,but also hinder the local herdsman to get rich,and make further affect for the social and economic sustainable development.Based on the above statement,this paper took Arhorqin Banner,Inner Mongolia as the study area,implemented the research of grassland degradation regarding it,spatiotemporal variation and driving factors using remotely sensed images in 1999,2000,and 2014 respectively.The main results as follows:Arhorqin held total 978519 hectares of grassland area in 2014,and the severely degraded grassland area accounted for 17.69%,moderately degraded grassland area accounted for 65.10%,lightly degraded grassland area accounted for 15.98%,no obvious degradation grassland area accounted for 1.23% respectively,and wood degradation situations in 14 different study areas arevarious such as,Balqiruud accounted for the largest proportion of the span heavily degraded grassland and moderate degraded grassland,lightly degraded grassland and no obvious degradation grassland area of Bayinondor was the largest proportion.According to the data in 2014 shows that Arhorqin grassland degradation index(GDI)is 2.99,which belongs to moderate degradation degree,and grassland degradation of all the villages and towns(wood)in the study area index(GDI)value is between 2.65 ~ 3.3,obviously,grassland degradation degree of study area was different one from another.However,the overall situation belongs to moderate degradation level.The distributions characteristics of grassland degradation are as following;south and central south grassland degradation is relatively serious,which are mainly moderately degraded grassland accompanied by some severe degraded grassland area;Middle and high terrain north forest grassland degradation conditions are relatively mild and they are mainly mild degraded grassland and moderate degraded grassland.However,generally speaking,the overall situation of the grassland is relatively good because the basic grassland form of northern area is without any obvious pattern of distribution of seriously degraded grassland,mild degraded grassland and moderate degraded grassland.From the spatiotemporal variability of the grassland degradation in 25 years from 1990-2014,Arhorqin grassland area increased after reduction first,but it generally showed a trend of decrease.Changes among different degradationdegree of grassland are very frequent.Besides,the vegetation coverage is unsteady andthe two trends coexist at the same time with no significant degradation of grassland area increases after decreases first.Generally,the main trend is mild degraded grassland and moderate degraded grassland presents a trend of sustainable growth but the severe degraded grassland area has been given priority to a declining trend and the vegetation coverage slightly increased,but the grass has not reached the state of stable recovery;Grassland degradation levelsare various in different times.In a word,generally,the whole southern degradation is quite serious,and the middle and the north areabelong to moderated degradation.However,the degradation state is not that serious,but it is obvious to turn into other kinds of lands in this area.Grassland degradation obviously presents a generally slow trend during these years because some statistics shows that grassland degradation index dropped from 3.56 in 1990 to 3.25 in 2000 followed by 2.99 in 2014.The variety of the grassland degradation in different areas is quite obvious.Specifically speaking southern and south central degradation and grassland degradation index value is the highest,while the northern grassland degradation degree is relatively the lightest,and the grassland degradation index value is also very small,which is followed by the central grassland degradation degree between the former two.The general trend is more and more serious from north to the south.Different driving factors have brought different grassland degradation effects for these 25 years.Actually,climate change is not a dominant factor for Arhorqin grassland degradation.If we say so,we need to consider multiple aspects of the climate change.However,different land use policies and implementation in different periods play a significant role in grassland degradation such as blind increasing of domestic animals’ capacity has a great influence on grassland degradation;rapid population growth and more frequent human activities is also one of the most important causing factors for grassland degradation.As for the current situation of Arhorqin grassland degradation and driving factors,here,I come up with four quite effective countermeasures and suggestions.They are: as for the government,they should put forward principles of grassland management regulations and carry out earnestly implement the national policy,perfect the relevant laws and regulations,strengthen the supervisionandmanagement of grassland utilization and transformation of the mode of production,and to realize the change of traditional intensive animal husbandry and so on.