Managerial Of Agriculture:Community Differences And Farmer's Choices

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization,China's agriculture is in the transformation process from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.This transformation is characterized by the adjustment of agricultural structure at the macro level performance;and also by the changing managerial mode of agriculture associated with which at the micro-level.Our Party and government is fully aware of the importance of the transformation in farming way,The 2013 "Central First Document" says that the innovation of the agricultural production managemen system should be located as the core and foundation status of modern agricultural construction.Then,the No.1 document from the national central government in 2014 clearly pointed out that we should develop various forms of scale management,support new agricultural business entities;encourage the development of professional cooperation,joint-stock cooperation and other forms of farmers' cooperatives;improve social service system;accelerate the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives.State support for new farming system accelerates the transformation of the traditional ho use hold-farming mode,on the one hand,which reflected by differences in management mode among different rural areas,on the other hand,which reflected by different choices on the farming mode even in the rural community.So,what factors will affect the formation of the managerial mode of agriculture and its result in the mode differences between communities?And what factors have contributed to the farmers' different choices within the rural community of the operating mode?Around these two issues,this study is mainly to explore how village community environment affect formation of agriculture operating mode from community level,and also conduct the theoretical analysis and empirical analysis based on the household managerial mode of agriculture from household level.The main contents and the empirical results are as follows:Research I:The resaerch of the formation of managerial mode of agriculture based on the community studyThrough field survey in four villages in Shanxi,Henan,Jiangsu Province,we found that:natural endowments within the community,social and economic conditions and institutional arrangements for organic,the integration of these three factors are the causes of villages' managerial mode of agriculture.Among them,the land size,geological type,the characteristics of crop varieties,planting structure,farming technical level skills,village location and other natural endowments are the basic constraints to managerial mode of agriculture;Demographic structure,income structure,commercialization rate of agricultural products,social services supply condition the village from the surroundings and other social and economic factors will have an impact on selecting the operation way,especially the human factor,Including human capital and social capital which Schultz(1963)proposed,is the key factors when considering elements input and mechanism set,and has promote vicissitude in agricultural operation methods through affecting transaction costs and transaction efficiency.And informal institutions like farming custom,local culture,especially trust mechanism,including the formal institutions within the community such as the policy of subsidies will also affect the choice of agricultural operating methods.Research II:An Empirical Study of farmers operation methods choice.Basing on the data of 13 villages in JiangSu Province,HeNan Province,ShanXi Province,we began to analyze the mechanism about households operating way selection.Based on farmers' behavior decision theory,by the use of multinomial logit mode,it tell us that:different households characteristics could result in different way of operating who belonged to to the rural community.It could be explained as follows:the households which has the features of low-level social service,the high strength of labor flow,high income,educating longer within the members and the little age of the head of households,are more likely to choose cooperatives;on the contrary,the households which has the high strength of labor flow,small land scale and older age of the head of households prefer the"company + farmers" operating way.Based on the article conclusion,this study suggests in order to develop various kinds of operating methods properly,we should be conscious of the natural endowments,socio-economic conditions of the community,and more importantly,human capital investment,focus on fostering the entrepreneurial spirit,community culture and other informal system and social networking,all which may reduce transaction costs.Government intervention should focus on making up for inadequacy of informal institution through formal institution instead of substitution;The government funding investment should be used in the fields of public goods supply because of the private social service market deficiencies;at the same time,pay attention to the legal protection on land-related property rights,which will be a strong guarantee along the way of the development of managerial mode of agriculture.